Chapter III

Reinforced Cement Concrete

Construction

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Concrete : Strong in compression
Weak in tension

Steel : Strong in compression.

Strong in tension.
BUT,
Long steel bar : weak in compression,
can not resist compressive forces due to its
slenderness.

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 Reinforcement concrete: Steel + Concrete

Steel → plate
→ rod
Steel rod → smooth surface bar
→ rough surface bar

Rough surface bar:

 Permit higher working stress.
 Increase grips.
 Minimize the slippage of the
bar from the concrete.
 Save the quantity of steel bar.

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 Available diameter of bar:
6,7,8,10,12,16,20,25,34,40-
recommended bar.

Max length : 12m.

Precautions:

* Rust free bar

*Concrete cover

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Concrete
→ grip depends on the steel rod and
concrete mixture, placing, compacting,
and curing.

Advantages of Reinforcement concrete

• Gives much rigidity to structure.
• Durable
• Fire resisting property.
• Does not rot and decay.
• Impermeable to moisture.
• Maintenance cost is nil.
• Can be molded in desired shape.

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 Reinforcement concrete construction
Cast–in –situ concrete
Pre- cast concrete

Required for complete structure:

Foundation
Column
Beam
Slab

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 Cast-in-situ concrete construction.

Reinforcement concrete
foundation

To transmit the load of

superstructure to the subsoil.

I. Spread footing.
II. Deep footing

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 I. Spread Footing
a. Strip foundation
b. Pad foundation
c. Raft foundation

II.Deep Foundation
pile foundation

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 I. Reinforcement bar in
Spread Footing

a. Strip foundation
b. Pad foundation
c. Raft foundation

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 a. Strip foundation

 Used to support
heavy load
bearing wall.
 Transmit the load
from heavy wall
through thin
foundation to the
sub soil.

 Point load.

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Ground
pressure
Will induce
underside of
foundation.

Tensile cracks
occur due to Main
tension in lower reinforcement
part of bar place in
foundation lower zone.
base.

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 b. Pad foundation

 Used to support
column.
 Transmit the load
from column to the
sub soil

Reaction of foundation is
like cup and saucer.

Required two layers of main

bar.

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 Reinforcement bar in foundation

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 c. Raft Foundation
Main principle : to
spread the load
over entire area of
the site .

i. Solid slab raft foundation

Chair
 uniform thickness
 Heavier load
 4 layers main reinforcement
bar

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 ii. Beam and slab raft foundation
 Poor soil.
 Reduction of slab thickness.

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 iii. Cellular raft foundation
Used where
uneconomical to use
beam and slab
foundation.

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 Reinforced concrete column
Column
→ vertical member
→compression
member.
Though it is compression
member,
Reinforcement bar is
required
if :
• Column is slender
• wind load
• Eccentrically loaded
column.

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 Reinforcement bar in the column

Two types of reinforcement

bar

i. Main or longitudinal bar

ii. Lateral bar or transverse bar
or stirrups or links

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 kicker

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 Reinforced Beam
Running member
Tension member
Should resist compressive
and tensile forces.

Reinforcement bar in Beam

• Cranked bar(shear bar)
– resist the shear force
- Counter act against shear force.

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• Main bar – tension zone
• Anchor bars(distribution bar)
- in compression zone
- withstand negative bending
moment

• Stirrups -
→ counteract against shear force.
- at nominal centers(150-200)
→minimize the shrinkage and cracking and easy
handling.
- at close center (100 c/c) → assist bent up
shear
bar

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 Reinforcement bar in beam

Stirrups in beam

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 Reinforcement Concrete Floors.
Cast-in-concrete floors
i. Solid slab floor
ii. Hollow slab floor

i. Solid slab floor

Few types :

a. Simple RCC slab

b. Beam and slab floor
c. Ribbed slab floor
d. Waffle slab floor
e. flush slab floor flat
slab floor
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 a. Simple RCC slab
- load bearing wall
-Min. 75mm thick

Slab -
- tends downward in tension
zone.
-Required main
reinforcement bar
i. at the bottom
ii.near support to take up
negative bending moment.

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→one way slab- main reinforcement bars run to the span of slab.

-Span of room 2.4m to 4m

-if the ratio of length and breadth of room is greater than
2.
→two way slab- main reinforcement bars run to the both direction of slab.

-span of the room 4m to 8m

-if the ratio of length and

breadth of room is less than 2.

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b. Beam and slab floor
Chair–in slab

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b. Beam and slab floor -oneway slab - 2.4 to 4m
-two way slab - 4m to 8m
Reinforcement bar in beam and
slab

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 Beam and Slab

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 c. Ribbed slab floor -4.5m to 9m

-reduced the overall

depth of floor.

Ribbed beam
– placed across the
main beam.
- Carry small amount of
load.
- size depends on the
load to be carried.

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d. Waffle slab floor
-Span 5m to 10m.
-Known as honey combed slab
or coffered slab

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Waffle slab

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 e.Flush slab or flat slab

-Span 6m to 9m
Uniform thickness
Neat ceiling
Used in irregular shape
of plan
Dead weight of slab-more
Cost - high

Two system-
i. Drop slab
ii. Without drop slab
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 Drop beam slab
Flat slab

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 ii. Hollow slab floor
-span 4.5 m to 9m

Hollow block slab floor

Light in weight
Better thermal and sound
insulation property.
Electrical and plumbing
line can be installed
through it.

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  One way rib

 Two way rib

.

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