Drug

Delivery
system

By

BHASKAR GHOSH
ROLL -0012CEM16 NO-00031
Dept of chemistry and chemical technology
Vidyasagar university
E-mail: bhaskarghosh1995@gmail.com
 INTRODUCTION

Definition:
Drug delivery is the method of administering pharmaceutical compound to
achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals. The appropriate
administration of drugs through various routes in the body improve health and
hygiene with minimum side effect, is known as targeted drug delivery or smart
drug delivery.
Most common method of drug delivery includes the oral (through the mouth),
topical (through the skin), trans-mucosal (nasal, buccal, sublingual, ocular,
rectal), parental (injection into systemic circulation) and inhalation routes.

The drug delivery systems can further be divided into two mains types:

Drug Delivery

Conventional Drug Delivery system Novel Drug delivery system

 Conventional Drug Delivery Systems
Conventional drug delivery systems is the Classical method for the delivery of drug into the body.
It this delivery systems the absorption of the drugs occurs through cell membrane or biological
membrane in systematic circulation of the boy. The Examples of this system includes:

 Oral delivery
 Buccal/Sublingual Delivery
 Rectal Delivery
 Intravenous Delivery
 Intramuscular Delivery
 Subcutaneous Injection

Some advantages and disadvantages of various conventional drug delivery methods

 Oral Delivery
It includes tablets, capsules,syrup, etc. taken
directly through mouth, and travel through GIT
Advantages of oral delivery:
• Convenience in administration
• Accurate and measured dose
• Higher compliance
Disadvantages of oral delivery:
• Unconscious patient can not take dose
• Irregular absorption
• First pass metabolism
 Buccal/Sublingual Delivery
Here tablet and chewing gums are placed under tounge (sublingual) and between cheeks (buccal).
Advantages:
a. By-pass first pass metabolism
b. Low enzymatic activity
Disadvantages:
c. Discomfort during dissolution
d. Small doses.

Intravenous Delivery
Drug in liquid form is administered directly into blood by injecting in vein with the help of sterile injector.
Advantages:
e. Drug 100% Bioavailable
f. Rapid aresponse
Disadvantaes:
g. Possible toxicity due to incorrect dosing. b.sterility c.Trained personnel Required.
 Mechanism of various conventional drug delivery system from administration to excretion

Oral Gastrointestinal
Administration Tract

Excretion
Intravenous
Injection Circulatory
System
Intramuscular
Injection

Subcutaneous Metabolic
Tissue
Injection Sites
 Various problems associated with conventional drug delivery systems
• This delivery systems is less stable, and less specific,carry less drugs, but give more side effects.
• It is very difficult to deliver the protein bound drugs to the targeted site in this delivery system.
• Drug release rate is not controlled in this process, that is why it’s therapeutic index is very high at first but
suddenly the rate fall down, consequently some drug is wasted in this process.

An Ideal Drug Delivery System Should Be:

Non-Toxic
Bio-Compatible
Bio -degradable
Physiochemically Stable
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
These are the approaches, formulations and technologies, and the systems that are used
for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the specific target of the body, where
the drug is needed, and to achieve the desirable response .
 Various Delivery Modes of Novel Drug Delivery Systems
These delivery systems delivered the drug generally in three modes:

Targeted release Sustained release Modulated release

Sustained Release Delivery Mode further delivered the drug in two ways:
a) Controlled Drug Release.
b) Extended Drug Release. Conventional Release
Toxicity
Controlled released
Therapeutic window
Cp
No therapeutic Effect
time
Cp- Conc of Drug in Plasma (mg/mL)
plot of conc. of drug in plasma vs time in various release mode
 Strategies Of Drug Targeting

ACTIVE TARGETING PASSIVE TARGETING

VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF DRUG TARGETING

1) Target: A tissue or cell, which need treatment.
2) Drug Carrier: Carriers are vectors specifically for the purpose of holding a drug inside them. This
is possible by means of encapsulation.
3) Drug Delivery Vehicles: These transport the drug either within or in the vicinity of target site. It
should be easily recognized by the target cells and the drug-ligand complex hence formed should be
stable. These need to be non toxic and biodegradable as well.
LIST OF DRUG CARRIERS IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
a)Liposomes b)Nanoparticles c)Natural Polymer d) Hydrogels
e)Microsphere f)Micelles etc.
 Synthesis of Various Drug Carriers

Synthesis of pamam Dendrimers Synthesis of chitosan from chitin by deacetylation

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2210/58/ https://www.platergroup.co.uk/blog/?p=467
Drug delivery Mechanism through liposomes
Structures of Some Synthetic and Natural Polymer, used in drug
delivery
 CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that both polymeric materials and nanoparticles offer
exciting opportunities for the development of new an improved drug delivery
systems.
The future investigation, like those in the past, will be highly challenging will
involve the interdisciplinary collaboration of scientist with backgrounds in
polymer chemistry, colloid science, medicine, molecular biology, and analytical
chemistry among others.
THANKS FOR
YOUR TIME