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Track Geometry and Tolerances: An Over View On Indian Railway
Track Geometry and Tolerances: An Over View On Indian Railway
An over View On
Indian Railway
Track
• Functions:
• The main function of track is to transfer train loads to
the formation and provide guide path
• Geometry:
• Each rail has 2 degrees of freedom
• Both the rails, together have 4 degrees of freedom,
define Track Geometry
• X-level (cant), and Twist
• unevenness, and alignment,
• Gauge
DISTRIBUTION OF STRESSES
• From Rail wheel contact stresses of the order of
10,000 Kg/cm2 to Ballast blanket contact stresses of
the order of 0.5 Kg/cm2 i.e. at the top of the formation
• Vertical geometry
• Lateral Geometry
• Short wave rail geometry
- weld defects, corrugations, wear
- Rail profile and grinding
ISSUES INVOLVED
TRACK PARAMETERS
LEVEL OF TOLERANCES
• Maintenance Standards
– Comfort
– Safety
– Cost effective
Track Standards
Index Tolerance
Service Tolerance
Safety Tolerance
Time --> Index Tol=Planned maintenance Tol
Service Tolerance=urgent maintenance
Track Tolerances Tol
New Tr. Tolerance
Maint. Tolera
nce
Deterioration
TRACK QUALITY
Index Tolerance
Service Tolerance
Maintenance
Inputs Slow Down Tolerance
Safety Tolerance
TIME in Years
Track Tolerance on I.R.
• New Track Tolerance
– Item 786 of 59th TSC;
– Para 316 of IRPWM
• Maintenance Tolerance
– Acceptance criteria (RDSO letter no. TM/HM/O dt. 28.1.93). Also , now in table 3.1 of
track machine manual ) ;
– TM 115
• Index Tolerance.
– Item 785 of 59th TSC
• Service Tolerance
– C&M-1 (Rly. Bd. Letter no.71/W6/HS/1 dt. 21-10-71)
– CS No 45-Para 607(2) IRPWM for speed 100 to 140 Kmph
– Item 785 of 59th TSC.; TM 115
• Slow Down Tolerance
– For Unevenness & Twist parameter for 4-wheeler (CRT)
Safety Tolerance=> NO SAFETY TOLERANCE
(b) Expansion gap Over average gap worked out by recording 20 successive + 2 mm
gaps
(c) Joints Low joints not permitted
High joints not more than + 2 mm
Square-ness of joints on straight + 10 mm
3.6 1.20
Unevenness
9.6 2.50
3.6 1.75
Twist
4.8 2.50
7.2 1.50
Alignment
9.6 2.50
Gauge - 1.00
Gauge on Curves – BG – New Track
(para 403 of IRPWM)
S. Radius in meters Gauge
No.
1. Straight including curves of -5mm. to
radius up to 350 M. and +3mm.
more
2. 10% CFD after tamping (i.e. minimum 90% of track length >=75
after tamping should have TGI
Tamping Frequency (Latest Instructions)
Tamping Frequency (Latest Instructions)
Index Tolerance (SD Form)
Item 785 of 59th TSC
P a r a m e te r In d e x T o l. In d e x T o l.
fo r u p to 1 0 5 K m /h
> 1 0 5 K m /h
UN1 3 .0 3 .0
UN2 5 .5 6 .5
TW 1 3 .4 3 .8
G auge 2 .9 2 .9
AL1 2 .8 2 .8
Index tolerance=Planned maintenance Tolerance
REVISED SD BASED INDEX TOLERANCES (Priority-II)
• Figures in brackets are SD as per 59th TSC Meeting and followed till july 2007
Service Tolerances - CS No 45-Para 607(2)IRPWM for speed 100 Kmph to
140 Kmph
Isolated- 10 locations in a Km
Service Tolerance :Gauge
Gauge as per para 224, 2(e) of IRPWM
S peed range L im it s o f s t a t io n t o
s t a t io n v a r ia t io n ( m m )
12 0 K m ph and 10 m m or 2 5 % of av.
ab ove V e r . Whichever is more
B e lo w 12 0 K m ph 15 m m or 2 5 % of av.
& up to 8 0 K m ph V e r . Whichever is
B e lo w 8 0 K m ph 4 0 m mmore
or 2 5 % of av.
& up to 5 0 K m ph V er. Whichever is more
• Based on RDSO’s report No.TM-109 circulated vide Railway Boards letter No.2007/Track-
III/TK/7 dated 12-07-2007
• Figures in brackets are SD as per 59th TSC Meeting and followed till july 2007
SERVICE TOLERANCES FOR THROUGH PACKING
DECISIONS (TM 115)
S.No. Indices: 60% CFD before tamping (to decide to give machine TGI Value
for through tamping)
1. Speeds >than or equal to 110 Kmph <=90
Unevenness 3.6 2.5 (3.0) 3.3 (3.6) 2.3 (3.0) 3.0 (3.6)
9.6 6.5 (6.5) 7.4 (7.2) 5.1 (5.5) 6.2 (6.2)
Twist 3.6 3.8 (3.8) 4.2 (4.2) 3.4 (3.4) 3.8 (3.8)
4.8 4.2 5.0 3.8 (3.7) 4.5 (4.5)
Alignment 7.2 2.7 (2.8) 3.8 (3.0) 2.3 (2.8) 3.0 (3.0)
9.6 5.0 6.3 3.3 (4.0) 4.0 (5.0)
Gauge - 2.5 (2.9) 3.6 (3.6) 1.8 (2.9) 2.6 (3.6)
• Based on RDSO’s report No.TM-109 circulated vide Railway Boards letter No.2007/Track-
III/TK/7 dated 12-07-2007
• Figures in brackets are SD as per 59th TSC Meeting and followed till july 2007
• For spot exceedences based limits those given in Para 607 of IRPWM to be continued
• Priority I; Urgent maintenance and Priority II is planned maintenance
Limitations of SD based
Tolerance
56 1 1 76 1 16 53
3
78 1 17 57
58 2 3 10
82 1 18 60
59 1 4 13
85 2 20 67
63 1 5 17
86 1 21 70
64 2 7 23
89 1 22 73
65 1 8 27
91 1 23 77
66 1 9 30 93 1 24 80
68 1 10 33 94 2 26 87
69 1 11 37 95 1 27 90
71 1 12 40 97 1 28 93
73 2 14 47 99 1 29 97
75 1 15 50 105 1 30 100
% CFD vs TGI
100
90
80
70
%
C
60
F
D
50
40
30
20
10
0
50 60 70 80 90 100 110
TGI
RATIONALISATION OF TAMPING REQUIREMENTS
S.No. INDICES (Speeds >than or equal to 110 Kmph < 130 Kmph) TGI Value
1. 60% CFD before tamping <=90
2. 60% CFD after tamping (i.e. minimum 40% of track length >=115
after tamping should have TGI)
3. 10% CFD after tamping (i.e. minimum 90% of track length >=75
after tamping should have TGI)
90 100 4.7 6.4 8.6 2.9 3.8 4.9 2.8 3.4 4.1
100 110 4.6 6.2 8.3 2.9 3.7 4.8 2.8 3.3 4.0
110 120 4.5 6.1 8.1 2.8 3.7 4.7 2.7 3.3 3.9
120 130 4.4 5.9 7.9 2.7 3.6 4.6 2.7 3.2 3.9
130 140 3.8 5.1 6.8 2.5 3.2 4.0 2.5 2.9 3.5
140 150 3.3 4.4 5.9 2.3 2.8 3.6 2.3 2.7 3.2
150 160 2.9 3.0 5.2 2.0 2.6 3.3 2.2 2.5 3.0
METHODOLOGY FOR SETTING
STANDARDS
• ECONOMY / MAINTAINABILITY
Ride Quality Correlation:
• C & M 1 Report for Introducing trains at
speeds beyond 110 Kmph(1969)
Sp From Sp To Un P Un U Un M UI U
Taking urgent tolerance of both speed above 105 kmph and upto 105 kmph
Sp From Sp To Al P Al U Al M AI U
0 60 3 3.3 4.2 5.5 16.5
60 70 3 3.2 4.2 5.4 16.5
70 80 3 3.1 4.0 5.2 18.9
80 90 3 3.0 3.9 5.1 20.2
90 100 3 2.9 3.8 4.9 21.6
100 110 3 2.9 3.7 4.8 23.1
110 120 3 2.8 3.7 4.7 23.1
120 130 3 2.7 3.6 4.6 24.7
130 140 3 2.5 3.2 4.0 32.2
140 150 3 2.3 2.8 3.6 42.0
150 160 3 2.0 2.6 3.3 48.0
Transmark Tolerances
Sp From Sp To Tw Tw Tw TI U
0 60 4.2 P3.0 U3.7 M4.5 45.1
60 70 4.2 3.0 3.6 4.4 47.0
70 80 4.2 2.9 3.5 4.3 49.0
80 90 4.2 2.9 3.4 4.2 51.0
90 100 4.2 2.8 3.4 4.1 51.0
100 110 3.8 2.8 3.3 4.0 46.9
110 120 3.8 2.7 3.3 3.9 46.9
120 130 3.8 2.7 3.2 3.9 49.3
130 140 3.8 2.5 2.9 3.5 57.1
140 150 3.8 2.3 2.7 3.2 62.9
150 160 3.8 2.2 2.5 3.0 69.4
Transmark Tolerances
Sp From Sp To Un P Un U Un M UI U
Sp From Sp To Al P Al U Al M AI U
0 60 3.8 3.3 4.2 5.5 30.9
60 70 3.8 3.2 4.2 5.4 30.9
70 80 3.8 3.1 4.0 5.2 33.7
80 90 3.8 3.0 3.9 5.1 35.2
90 100 3.8 2.9 3.8 4.9 36.8
100 110 3 2.9 3.7 4.8 23.1
110 120 3 2.8 3.7 4.7 23.1
120 130 3 2.7 3.6 4.6 24.7
130 140 3 2.5 3.2 4.0 32.2
140 150 3 2.3 2.8 3.6 42.0
150 160 3 2.0 2.6 3.3 48.0
Transmark Tolerances
Taking urgent tolerance of both speed above 105 kmph and upto
Sp From Sp To Tw Tw Tw TI U
0 60 4.2 P3.0 U3.7 M4.5 45.1
60 70 4.2 3.0 3.6 4.4 47.0
70 80 4.2 2.9 3.5 4.3 49.0
80 90 4.2 2.9 3.4 4.2 51.0
90 100 4.2 2.8 3.4 4.1 51.0
100 110 3.8 2.8 3.3 4.0 46.9
110 120 3.8 2.7 3.3 3.9 46.9
120 130 3.8 2.7 3.2 3.9 49.3
130 140 3.8 2.5 2.9 3.5 57.1
140 150 3.8 2.3 2.7 3.2 62.9
150 160 3.8 2.2 2.5 3.0 69.4
UIC Maint. Tolerances
Ref. UIC/CEN/TC 256/SC/WG