Scope of Instruction

General Threats
Internal Threats
External Threats
Threats to National Security

- Threat to national security may be defined

as any expression of intuition to inflict evil,
injury or damage to the nation’s people,
territories, vital installations, political,
economic and religious way of life.
Types of Threats

1. General Threats
2. Internal Threats
3. External Threats
 
 
General Threats
 
1. Politics – caused by person/group of person who
aspire for power and/or position into the government.
 
2. Economic – caused by businessmen who mass
large amount of money but do not pay taxes,
hoarders, dollar syndicate, dollar salters, smugglers
and big criminals. These groups tends to drain our
national fund and thus results into economic chaos.
 
General Threats
3. Psycho-social – caused by activities that would
undermine the morale of the populace such activities
are:
a) Indulgence to vices
b) Drug addiction
c) Prostitution
d) Other criminal acts
 
These activities tend to undermine the morale of
the populace thus, become easy to insurgents
exploitation.
Internal Threats
Internal Threat - posed primarily by the different
groups who oppose our present system such as:

1. The main internal threat arises from the Moro

Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) which, in open
rebellion against the government, has the avowed
objective of establishing an independent Islamic state
in southern Philippines. Hand in hand with this
security problem is the threat from the Abu Sayyaf
Group (ASG), a small band of highly mobile terrorists
with suspected links to international networks.
Internal Threats
2. The Communist Party of the Philippines/New
People’s Army/National Democratic Front
(CPP/NPA/NDF) continue to pose a serious threat to
national security, although presently weakened in
comparison with their peak strength in the 1985-87
period.

3. Organized crime is a national security concern.

The challenge of illegal drugs, in particular, has grown
into a major threat to the national community. The
national crime rate is also exacerbated by the drug
trade, which involves a number of crime syndicates.
Internal Threats
4. Grave incidence of poverty is also a serious
threat to national security, especially to the extent
that it breeds and abets rebellion, crime and
dissidence.
 
5. Economic Sabotage undermines the market
economy, the financial system and the nation’s
resources. Under this category are underground
activities such as counterfeiting, money laundering,
large-scale smuggling, inter-oceanic poaching and
commercial dumping.
Internal Threats
6. Graft and Corruption has become another threat to our
national security by virtue of the huge scale by which it
saps public resources, undermines the morale of the civil
service and affects the delivery of quality basic services.
 
7. Severe calamities cause serious food shortages, abet
hoarding and profiteering and cause hunger, disease and
deprivation.

8. Persistent environment degradation poses a long-

term security threat. The attrition of forests and
watersheds, air-land-water pollution and the proliferation
of toxic substances are a cause of sickness, death and the
diminution of national productivity and well-being.
Local Communists
A. Partido ng Komunistang Pagpalaya/ Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng
Bayan [PKP/HMB (BHB)]

Original Composition: Labor leaders who studied in Moscow

Origin: Hubkong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (Hukbalahap)

Leader/Founder: Crisanto Evangelista

Date Founded: 07 November 1930

Ideology: Teaching of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin

Original Objective: Independence from the claws of

the American rulers

Present Objective: Armed resistance against our

government with the objective to topple down the
government. 
Local Communists
A. Communist Party of the Philippines/New People’s Army/National
Democratic Front (CPP/NPA/NDF)

Original Composition: Jose Maria Sison together

with sixty-seven (67)student activist after he drifted from PKP/HMB

Origin: PKP / HMB

Leader/Founder: Jose Maria Sison (CPP) / Bernabe Buscayno (NPA)

Date Founded: 26 December 1968 (NDF was later founded in 1973 to

serve as political front)

Ideology: Teaching of Mao Tse Tung

Objective: It aims to wrest state power and completely dissolve the

existing government 
 The Arms of Revolution

CPP - is the “Head” (brain of the revolution). Its strategic

direction is to grab political power and supplant the existing
democratic form of government with communism. At the
national level, it has a central committee that dictates the
things to be done by the NPA and the NDF down to the front
committees.
 The Arms of Revolution

NPA - is the “Sword” (bladed weapon of the revolution). Also

known as RED Area, the NPA’s task is to wage war by means of
armed struggle (madugong pakikibaka). For them to grab the
National seat of government in Malacañang, the NPA follows the
dictum on people’s protracted war - that is “encircling the city
from the countryside”. They’re inspired by Chairman Mao’s (Mao
Tse-tung) principle that “political power grows out of the barrel
of a gun”
 The Arms of Revolution

NDF - is the “Shield” (protector of the revolution). Also known as

WHITE Area, Joma Sison believed that armed struggle cannot
stand alone. Hence, it should be complemented by a legal
struggle. It is composed of CPP front organizations i.e. BAYAN,
KMU, KMP, GABRIELA, LFS, ACT, etc. which form part of the
Makabayan bloc. They are composed of academe, youth,
intellectuals, politicians, professionals, religious denominations,
media and broad masses working in government, NGOs, and
private institutions. The NDF’s task is to advance the CPP’s
strategic objective by engaging into legal/parliamentary struggle.
 The Arms of Revolution

They claim themselves as progressive groups allegedly for the

advancement of people’s democratic rights. But in reality, for 50
years now they never progress; communities under their
influence still remain poor. Indeed, they are not progressive but
repressive to the will of the people, such that they use democracy
to ruin democracy, and join the government to destroy the
government. Just like a leech, they continue sucking the strength
of the masses, until they will collapse for loss of blood.

In essence, WHITE Area is the source of cadres, finance and

logistics to support the requirements of the RED Area (NPA)
 The Arms of Revolution

“HEAD”

“ARM” SHIELD
Local Communists
C. Secessionist
– it is an insurgency which aim to establish an
autonomous region over the province of MINSUPALA,
BASILAN and TAWI-TAWI. The first secessionist
movement was organized by the former governor of
Cotabato, UDTOG MATALAM in which he issued a
manifesto desiring to establish autonomous
government on the region stated.

Another secessionist group is the group under the

late Father Balweg, a renegade priest who drifted
away from CPP/NPA. He aims to establish an
autonomous region over the Cordilleras.
Secessionist Groups
1. MORO NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT (MNLF)

Origin: Muslim Independence Movement of Datu Udtog Matalam

Leader/Founder: Nur Ladji Misuari

Date Founded: 1972

Ideology: Egalitarianism/Equalitarianism

Objective: Autonomy for Filipino Muslims in Mindanao (granted,

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was created in 1996)

To date the MNLF is divided into three (3) major factions namely:
Misuari, Abbas, and Salamat faction.
Secessionist Groups
2. MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT

Origin: Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)

Leader/Founder: Ustadz Hassim Salamat

Date Founded: 1977

Ideology: It defines its ideology as LA ILAHA ILLA ALLAH MUHAMAD AL

RASUL ALLAH, which means that there is God worthy to be worshipped
but Allah and that worship of God must be in accordance with the
teaching of Prophet Muhammad

Objective: To curve our portions of Philippine territory where it intends

to establish an Islamic State (creation of Mindanao Islamic Republic)
Secessionist Groups
2. Al-Harakat’ul Al-Islamiya (Abu Sayyaf)

Origin: Veterans of Russo-Afghan War and remnants of Moro National

Liberation Front (MNLF)

Leader/Founder: Ustadz Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani

Date Founded: early 90’s

Ideology: Originally, it refused to tie up with the MILF group believing

that the latter organization is not true to be its objective since the MILF
allows for a peaceful co-existence between Christians and Muslims in
Mindanao. For Janjalani, Mindanao must be free from any influence of
the Christian faith
Secessionist Groups
2. Al-Harakat’ul Al-Islamiya (Abu Sayyaf)

Objective: Al-Harakat’ul Al-Islamiya initially carried out operations

patterned after the terrorist activities of their counterparts in the Middle
East such as bombing and sabotage operations, kidnap for ransom
activities targeting mostly Christian religious personalities. Eventually,
however, the need for more financial and logistical resources to sustain
its day-to-day operations forced the ASG to direct its attention to more
lucrative undertakings such as kidnap for ransom activities preying on
local wealthy businessmen and their families, school teachers and
foreign tourists who are soft targets for ASG operations. Because of this,
the ASG became notorious as a terrorist and criminal organization.

Abu Sayyaf is linked with Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
(ISIL) together with radical Islamist Maute group and remnants of
Marawi Siege.
Local Communists
D. Religious Radicals

– these are members of the religious sectors who

find fault into our system. They claim to be
spokesmen of the oppressed. The fact is that they
become radical when a number of the legitimate
religious organization were infiltrated by communist
elements. These religious organizations were being
used to undermine our government and denounce the
abuses of the military to be they are real or fictitious.
(ex: Maute group and it’s successor after the
Marawi siege, the Turaifie group.)
Local Communists
E. Social Democrats (SOCDEM )

– organized in the early part of ‘73 with the aim to

seize state power, dissolve the government and
replace it with socialist-democratic form of
government. Its activities were manifested by its
involvement on the recent bombing in urban areas
through the “Light a Fire Movement” and the April 6
Liberation Movement.
Local Communists
F. Rightist
– these are the disgruntled politicians,
businessmen, clerics, oligarch, intellectual, military
men and big-time criminals who work hand in hand
to restore the old order to pave their way into power
and position in the government.
 
G. Political Warlords
– these are politicians who maintained their private
armies to secure their vested interest. They show
defiance to an existing system of the government.
(ex: Ampatuan Clan)
External Threats
- it is posed primarily by conflict from
other countries that may affect certain
country politically, economically,
socially and even militarily.

(ex: Iran –Iraq conflict, arms race among

super-powers, Indo-China War).
 
External Threats
1. The multilateral dispute over the Kalayaan Group
of Islands is a source of intermittent tensions, owing
to the build up of structures, believed to be military-
oriented, by some claimant countries in the area. This
is a clear encroachment into the Philippine Exclusive
Economic Zone which is being met through a
comprehensive package of diplomatic measures.
 

Territorial dispute in West Philippine Sea which creates tension to

neighboring countries which is a major external threat as of this
moment.
External Threats
2. The smuggling of firearms and contraband, illegal
migration and the occasional movement of foreign
terrorists through the porous borders of our
southwestern frontier have elicited transnational
concern. Philippine law enforcement agencies work
closely with international police organizations,
bilaterally and multilaterally, to check these activities.

3. The lingering effects of the currency crisis affecting

the countries within the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) are a cause of regional anxieties, which
tend to aggravate political instabilities and socio-
economic dislocations involving the poorest peoples.
External Threats
4. The serious economic disparity between rich and
poor nations keeps the world in a state of instability
and virtually on the brink of war in many places.
Local or regional shortages of fresh water, arable land,
food, fisheries, and energy are already causing
tensions.
 
5. Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict pervades
many regions and nations, including our own. It is
constantly exacerbated by mass poverty, limited
access to resources, denial of human rights, lack of
national integration and international issues.
 
External Threats
6. The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is
a threat to global security. Nuclear materials and technologies
are more accessible now than at any other time in history.
The relative ease of production of both chemical and
biological weapons has made these attractive to terrorists.
 
7. Trans-national organized crime has proliferated in the era
of globalization. The International Monetary Fund estimates
that global drug trafficking now accounts for two percent of
the world economy, excluding illicit capital flight and money-
laundering activity. There are links among drug trafficking,
terrorism, smuggling of illegal aliens, massive financial and
bank fraud, arms smuggling and political corruption.
External Threats
8. Natural disasters and environmental issues will continue to
pervade the global security agenda. Mankind’s global
activities – particularly population growth, resource
consumption, pollution, urbanization, industrialization,
desertification and deforestation – will increasingly impact on
climate and weather patterns, strain fragile ecosystems, and
put more pressure on health and social support systems.
 
9. Cybernetic crime is a growing global threat, as experienced
with computer viruses such as Melissa and Chernobyl, which
have attacked isolated or networked information systems
through the internet or through software carriers and devices.
Many vital decision-making processes of our Government are
now electronically-based and therefore vulnerable to this
threat.