Ecology and enviroment

sumbited to – Ar gaurav agrawal

Sumbited by – lokesh prajapat

 What is the global warming
 Global Warming is the increase of Earth's
average surface temperature due to effect of
greenhouse gases,
 such as carbon dioxide emissions from
burning fossil fuels or from deforestation
 which trap heat that would otherwise escape
from Earth.
 What are the main cause of global
warming
 The Main causes of Global warming are:
Increase in co2 concentration
 Ozone Depletion.Deforestation Methane and
Nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture,
Arctic sea beds and factories
 Aerosols present in the Atmosphere Rise in
sea levels Plankton boom due to warming
seas.Water Vapour.
 Why the global warming is problem
 Global warming is primarily a problem of too
much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere
 which acts as a blanket, trapping heat and
warming the planet. ... Certain waste
management and agricultural practices
aggravate the problem by releasing other
potent global warming gases
 such as methane and nitrous oxide.
 What is the main resion for global
warming
 Most climate scientists agree the main cause
of the current global warming trend is human
expansion of the "greenhouse effect
 warming that results when the atmosphere
traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.
Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat
from escaping.
 How do humans contribute to global
warming
 Human activities contribute to climate change
by causing changes in Earth's atmosphere in
the amounts of greenhouse gas- es, aerosols
(small particles), and cloudiness.
 The largest known contribution comes from
the burning of fossil fuels, which releases
carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere.
How we can help stop global warming
 Reduce Fossil Fuel Use. Burning fossil fuels
increases the levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. ...
 Plant Trees. Because carbon dioxide is the most
important greenhouse gas, planting trees and
other plants can slow or stop global warming. ...
 Reduce Waste. ...
 Conserve Water.
 Green house effect

What is the green house effect –

 A phenomenon in which the atmosphere of a
planet traps radiation emitted by its sun,
caused by gases such as carbon dioxide, water
vapor.
 and methane that allow incoming sunlight to
pass through but retain heat radiated back
from the planet's surface.
 Green house effect on enviroment
 Part of this energy is absorbed by the Earth's
surface, transformed into heat (longwave
radiation) and radiated back towards space.
 But as this heat goes up through the
atmosphere, some of it is trapped by the
different greenhouse gases and doesn't
escape into space.
What is the result of green house effect

 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse

gases act like a blanket, absorbing IR radiation
 and preventing it from escaping into outer
space.
 The net effect is the gradual heating of Earth's
atmosphere and surface, a process known as
global warming.
Who discovered the green house effect

 The existence of the greenhouse effect was

argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.
 The argument and the evidence were further
strengthened by Claude Pouillet in 1827 and
1838 and reasoned from experimental
observations by John Tyndall in 1859.
 The effect was more fully quantified by
Svante Arrhenius in 1896.
What is the result of the green house effect

 Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) was a Swedish

scientist that was the first to claim in 1896
that fossil fuel combustion may eventually
result in enhanced global warming.
 He proposed a relation between atmospheric
carbon dioxide concentrations and
temperature.
How can we help prevent global warming

 Reduce Fossil Fuel Use. Burning fossil fuels

increases the levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. ...
 Plant Trees. Because carbon dioxide is the most
important greenhouse gas, planting trees and
other plants can slow or stop global warming. ...
 Reduce Waste. ...
 Conserve Water.
 What is the ozone depletion
 Ozone layer depletion, is simply the wearing
out (reduction) of the amount of ozone in the
stratosphere.
 Unlike pollution, which has many types and
causes, Ozone depletion has been pinned
down to one major human activity.
What are the effects of ozone depletion

 If this ozone becomes depleted, then more UV

rays will reach the earth.
 Exposure to higher amounts of UV radiation
could have serious impacts on human beings,
animals and plants.
 such as the following: Harm to human health:
More skin cancers, sunburns and premature
aging of the skin.
 How dose air pollution effect on ozone
depletion
 One of the greatest and most dangerous
effects of pollution on the ozone layer
 that it creates holes in the atmosphere,
 which allow powerful ultraviolet rays from the
sun to reach the Earth's surface.
 How dose the ozone depletion occur

 When CFCs reach the stratosphere, the

ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes them
to break apart and release chlorine atoms
 which react with ozone, starting chemical
cycles of ozone destruction that deplete the
ozone layer.
 One chlorine atom can break apart more than
100,000 ozone molecules.
 Who discovered ozone hole
 The discovery of the annual depletion of
ozone above the Antarctic
 first announced in a paper by Joe Farman,
Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin
 which appeared in Nature in May 1985. Later,
NASA scientists re-analyzed their satellite data
and found that the whole of the Antarctic was
affected.
 Where is the hole in ozone layer
 Reactions that take place on polar
stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important
role in enhancing ozone depletion.
 PSCs form more readily in the extreme cold of
the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere.
 This is why ozone holes first formed, and are
deeper, over Antarctica.
 How to we protect ozone layer
 While the vast majority of ODS usage is either
industrial or commercial, individuals can help
 Buy air-conditioning and refrigeration
equipment that do not use HCFCs as
refrigerant.
 Buy aerosol products that do not use HCFCs or
CFCs as propellants.