APPLICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY

FOR DRYING, HEATING, and

WATER DISTILATION

By
Prof. DJATMIKO ICHSANI

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
ITS
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 PENDAHULUAN
Paradigma lama: Pemahaman yang salah bahwa sumber energi dari
minyak bumi, gas, batu bara (non renewable enrgy) adalah besar
dan tidak akan habis

Pemahaman seperti itu dulu tidaklah salah, ketika

1. jumlah penduduk dunia masih sedikit,
2. tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat belum tinggi, kemajuan
teknologi belum pesat
3. masih masyarakat agraris,
4. konsumsi BBM dunia belum begitu besar,
5. BBM belum menjadi komoditas masyarakat global,
6. dsb

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The nonrenewable sources we use today –
including coal, oil, kerosene, diesel,
propane and natural gas – are all limited in
availability, and are also partly to blame

NAMUN KENYATAANNYA NON RENEWABLE ENERGY AKAN

HABIS DIPERLUKAN RENEWABLE ENERGI

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including global warming, acid rain and toxic air emissions, has in recent years
turned a great deal of attention to environmentally friendly solar energy
systems.

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Meanwhile, there is one energy source that is free and inexhaustible. It’s
like a giant nuclear reactor – only this one is located 93 million miles
away.

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 SOLAR ENERGY

1. TERMAL
TEMPERATUR TINGGI: CONSENTRATOR
Power Plant; Memasak

TEMPERATUR RENDAH : FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR

Pemanasan; distilasi; pengeringan

2. LISTRIK (Solar Cell/Sel Surya)

Penerangan, TV, peralatan RT
Pompa irigasi

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 Heat Transfer Analysis

• Expression for convection heat transfer for flow of a fluid inside a tube:
qconv  m c p (Tm,o  Tm,i )

• For case 3 involving constant surrounding fluid temperature:

To  Ti
q  U As Tlm Tlm 
ln(To / Ti )

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 Heat Transfer Analysis

In a two-fluid heat exchanger, consider the hot and cold fluids separately:

qh  m h c p ,h (Th ,i  Th ,o )
(11.1) and q  UA Tlm (11.2)
qc  m c c p ,c (Tc ,o  Tc ,i )

 Need to define U and Tlm

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 BASIC CALCULATION

Solar Radiation
 360 .n 
G  13531  0.0033 cos  x cos  watt / m2
 366 
Angel of incidence
cos  sin  . sin  . cos   sin  . cos  . sin  . cos   cos  . cos  . cos  . cos 
 cos  . sin  . sin  . cos  . cos   cos  . sin  . sin  . sin 

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 Pengukuran radiasi matahari

No Jam Watt/m2
1 10:00 794.7
2 10:30 887.4
3 11:00 966.9
4 11:30 1086.1
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 Prinsip Kerja Alat Pengering
AKAN DBUAT

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 MEMBUAT KOLEKTOR SURYA
(FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR)

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 FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR

COLD
AIR

HOT
AIR
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 ALAT PENGERING TENAGA HYBRID

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 PENGERINGAN

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 PARABOLIC PRINCIPLE

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 PARABOLIC SOLAR COOKER

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 SOLAR POWER PLANT

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Heat Exchangers Chee 318 20
 Solar Electric Generating Plant
The largest solar electric generating plant in the world
produces a maximum of 354 megawatts (MW) of
electricity and is located at California

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 PRISIP KERJA DISTILASI AIR
TENAGA SURYA
Q
solar

Q
refl
Q
Akan dibuat
conv

Q
rad

Q
absorb

Q
trans
Q
conv Q Q
rad evap
Q
refl

Q
absorb

Air

Beton

Isolasi

Q Q
ground stored

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 HEAT TRANFER ANALYSIS

Ta

I
1 1
h c, c - a h r, c - a Tabir air
Cwf


C Kaca penutup
Tc wc

 wf . I

 Air Kondensat

 wf . I

Twf
  g .(  wf .I)


 g .(  wf .
1 1 Ruang udara
qevap
h r, w - g h c, w - g didalam basin

 w .(  g . wf ).I


 w  g . wf ).I  w .(  g . wf ).I  Tw Air
T

s
1 qstorage
 p  w  g . wf ).I  p .(  w . g . wf ).I hc,p-w Plat beton

 
Tisolator L
Isolasi
k

1 1
h r, b - a h c, b - a

Ta

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Gambar 4. Jaringan tahanan termal
TER DISTILATION

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 Gambar
Heat Exchangers 2. Distilasi tenaga matahari
Chee 318 menggunakan air garam
26
 Laju produksi distilat, pada intensitas matahari yang sama,
data pengukuran tiap 30 menit
1000.00 700.0

900.00
Iradiasi(w/m2) 600.0
800.00
Distilat, 10mm,tanpa lapisan air 500.0

Produk Distilat (ml/30 menit)

700.00
Iradiasi matahari(W/m2)

600.00 Distilat,10mm, dengan lapisan air

400.0
500.00 Distilat, 7,5mm, tanpa lapisan air
300.0
400.00 Distilat, 7,5 mm,dengan lapisan air

300.00 200.0
200.00
100.0
100.00

0.00 0.0

waktu (jam)

Gambar 4.3 Laju produsi air distilat terhadap waktu

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pada masing-masing percobaan
 SOLAR WATER HEATER

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 Flow principal

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 Detail Kolektor Surya dan
Prinsip Kerja

air masuk air panas keluar

sinar matahari

insulation insulation

pipa absorber

tabung neon bekas

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 Ta Ta

1
1
R1 hr , c  a . Ac
angin Tc ,u h w , c  a . Ac
radiasi matahari
ln r2
r1
R2  .Kc .I
konveksi

R3 R1 1 Tc , b 1
hr , abc . Aab h n . A ab
s   p . g .I
Qu s   p . g .I Tp
refleksi Qu
r1
konveksi R4 ln
r
alamiah  .Kc .I
Tc,b
ln r2
R5  .Kc .I
r1

Tc,u
r3
ln
konduksi R6 r2
 .Kc .I
konduksi
konduksi
Tis,o
R7 1 1
radiasi konveksi hr ,i a .Ai hw,i  a . Ai

Mekanisme Ta Ta
perpindahan
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Jaringan tahanan termal
31
Glass tube from TL lamp Metal black tube

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 Tube solar collector

By industry

By student
Kolektor surya dari
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tabung neon bekas
 Solar energy heats the water for this hospital in Tennessee.

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 Solar Cell Pada Pesawat
dan Ruang Angkasa

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 Solar cell house

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 SEL SURYA PADA RUMAH TANGGA

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 40 MW

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 Tube Pitch

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 REBOILERS

Kettle-type Reboiler Heat Exchanger Model

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 REBOILERS

Kettle-type Reboiler
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