Level: Middle

Class: VI Week: 18
Teacher: Ms. Sobia Muzammil
Lecture # 11
 New Secondary Science 1
91-93
Unit #7, Mixtures and Solutions
Liquids from Solutions, Separating Coloured Substances
Text book.

• Evaporating a solution leaves the solid behind

but the liquid solvent is lost to the
surrounding air.
• However, it is possible to collect the liquid.
Quote of the Day

Yesterday is history. Tomorrow

is a mystery.
Objectives
Students will be able to explain:
• separating liquids from solutions
• separating coloured substances
Recalling Of Previous Knowledge:
• Filtration:
The suspended solid can be removed by filtration. This means
pouring the mixture through filter paper.

• Filtrate:
The liquid that passes through the small holes in the filter paper is
called filtrate.

• Residue:
The solid that is trapped on the filter paper is called residue.
Key Words:
• Condensation:
The process by which water changes from vapor state into liquid
state is called condensation.

• Distillation:
The process by which water is separated from solution is called
distillation.

• Distilled Water:
Water purified in this way is called distilled water.
Page 91
Page 92
Page 92
Page 93
Obtaining Pure Water from Ink:
• Ink is made from ink powder dissolved in water.

• The ink is gently heated until it boils. Steam leaves the flask and
passes into the test tube where it is cooled.

• The steam condenses and is collected as pure water. The water is

called the distillate and the whole process is called distillation.

• Distillation involves two processes, boiling and condensing.

Obtaining Pure Water from Ink:
• Water purified in this way is called distilled water. It is used in car
batteries, steam irons and laboratories.

• Unfortunately, not all of the steam is condensed to water: some of

it escapes from the top of the test tube. A more efficient method of
distilling is to use a condenser.
Using a Condenser to Distil Alcohol Solution:
• Alcohol (ethanol) dissolves in water to make a clear solution. To
separate the two liquids, we use the fact that ethanol boils at 78
degree Celsius and water boils at 100 degree Celsius.

• The method used is called fractional distillation. As the solution is

heated, the ethanol evaporates first and, when the thermometer
reads 78 degree Celsius, ethanol vapour starts to enter the
condenser. In the condenser it cools down, condenses back into
the flask.
Using a Condenser to Distil Alcohol Solution:
• Some water does evaporate from the solution but as it rises up the
fractionating column, it cools down, turn back into a liquid, and
trickles back into the flask.
• As long as the temperature remains at 78 degree Celsius, almost
pure alcohol will be collected.
Did You Know?:
The condenser is sometimes called a Liebig condenser after Baron
Justus von Liebig. Liebig did not invent the condenser, but he made
its use very popular by showing how it could be used.
Separating Coloured substances:
• Some mixtures contain coloured substances. These can be
separated using a process called chromatography.

• Chromatography uses a solvent for the coloured substances and an

absorbent surface for them to travel across.

• To separate the colours in black ink, for example, water is used as

a solvent and filter paper is the absorbent surface.
Separating Coloured substances:
• Place a drop of black ink at the centre of a piece of filter paper.

• Carefully squeeze small drops of water on to the ink. Leave a little

time between drops to let the ink spread out. As the water moves
across the filter paper it will carry the colours with it, but different
colours will move at different speeds.

• In this ink there are three coloured substances: blue, red and
yellow. The blue did not move as fast as the others. It was left
behind, forming a ring. Next the red stopped moving. The yellow
was the most soluble and so moved the farthest.
Recap:
• When vapors are cooled they change to liquid state this process is
called condensation.

• When liquid is heated it converts to vapors this process is known as

boiling.

• Distillation involves two processes, boiling and condensing.

• Water purified in this way is called distilled water. It is used in car

batteries, steam irons, and laboratories.
 Ink can be separated
from solution by
distillation

Distillation involves Water obtained

boiling and by distillation is
condensing distilled water
Think and Answer
Think
Q1) What is condensation?
Refer to Textbook page 91

Q2) Which two processes are involved in distillation?

Refer to Textbook page 91

Q3) What is distilled water?

Refer to Textbook page 91
Assignment
Do test your self questions textbook page 92

Q1) a) In the experiment to obtain pure water from ink, what colour
will the steam be?
b) Explain your answer.
Refer to Textbook page 91

Q2) a) What name is given to pure water?

b) Give two uses of this water.
Refer to Textbook page 92
Assignment
Q3) Distillation involves boiling and condensing. Which of these two
processes
a) needs energy?
b) gives out energy?
Refer to Textbook page 92

Q4) Describe how you would use fractional distillation to separate a

solution of liquid A (boiling point 56 degree Celsius), liquid B
(boiling point 72 degree Celsius), and liquid C (boiling point 100
degree Celsius).
Refer to Textbook page 92
Assignment
Do test your self questions page 94

Q1) What causes the colours in ink to move across absorbent paper?

Refer to Textbook page 93

Q2) Explain why some colours move farther than others.

Refer to Textbook page 93

Moral Value

Honesty
can earn your trust and a good
personality