GREEN SUSTAINABLE PAVING DESIGN

Grass pavers create a hexagonal shape of concrete around

a central pocket where grass can be planted or filled in
with gravel. These pavers have less open area that is usually
created
either at the corners or by spacing the pavers on all sides
to allow for infiltration. Cannot grow anything in the voids,
but is typically filled with gravel Good option for driveways
and areas which need more stability.
Plastic Grid- Drivable grass
Comes in 2’ x 2’ mats that are much more affordable to
have installed than individual pavers. Has a much larger
exposed area (61%) for greater infiltration and more room
to grow grass or ground cover in. Does not isolate the dual
pockets.
Allows plantings to remain cooler and receive more uniform
watering.
GREEN SUSTAINABLE PAVING DESIGN
GREEN SUSTAINABLE PAVING DESIGN

- replacing pre-cast interlocking paving - as carparks replacing asphalt road

Acquatic Eco System
1.Fresh water Ecosystem
2.Marine water Ecosystem

Two Types Of Fresh water Ecosystem

1.Lentic : Standing (Lakes and Pond)
2.Letic : Running (River and Stream).

Standing Running
Lentic
1. littoral zone of a lake is the region of
lake with rooted vegetation.
2. The limnetic zone is the region of lack with
no rooted vegetation.

Lake Ecosystem
The components of ecosystem are

1. Abiotic 2. Biotic
-Non living -living organism
-Physical - biological
Abiotic Components
.Temperature
.Pressure
.Light
.ph value of water
.The basis inorganic and organic compounds

Biotic Components

Products Consumers Decomposers

.Macrophytes .Primary Consumers. .Bacteria

.Phytoplankton’s .Secondary Consumers. .Actinomycetes.
.Tertiary consumers. .Fungi.
a) Macrophytes :
1.These are mainly rooted larger plants which include partly or completely submerged,

floating and emergent hydrophytes.

2.The common plants are the species of Trapa, Typha,

Hydrilla, Vallisneria, Marsilea, etc.

b) Phytoplankton:
1.They are minute, floating or suspended lower plants.
2. Majority of them are such filamentous algae as Ulothrix,
Spirogyra, Cladophora etc.
Trpa Typha

Marsilea Vallisneria
Consumers
They are heterotrophs which depend for their
nutrition on the organic food manufactured by producers, green plants.
(a) Primary Consumers (herbivores): Also known as
Primary macroconsumers, these are herbivores feeding directly on living plants.
*Benthos and Zooplanktons are primary consumers
(b) Secondary Consumers (carnivores): They are the carnivores which feed on the
primary consumers.

Fishes and insects

(c) Tertiary consumers: They are some larger fishes that feed on the smaller fish.
Halmal Mozambique tilapia

Insect Zooplanktons
Decomposers
1.They are also known as microconsumers, since they absorb only a fraction of the
decomposed organic matter.
2.They bring about the decomposition of complexdead organic matter of both-
plants and consumers.
3.Thus they play a important role in the return of mineral elements again to the
medium of the pond.
4. They are chiefly bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi.

Bacteria Pseudomonas_bacteria Actinomycetes