ENGLISH WRITING - PART 1

ESTRUTURAÇÃO DA ESCRITA EM LINGUA INGLESA

O QUE É NECESSÁRIO PARA ESCREVER BEM?

 ENGLISH WRITING - PART 1

COMO ESTRUTURAR UM TEXTO

GRAMÁTICA TEXTUAL (Ordem das palavras na sentença, marcadores discursivos

(coesão)

ORGANIZAÇÃO DO PARÁGRAFO (Sentenças Tópico, de Apoio e de Fechamento)

PRINCIPAIS TIPOS DE PARÁGRAFO (Descritivo, Narrativo, Expositivo)

 ENGLISH WRITING - PART 1

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

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BRIEF AND CONCISE

USE SHORT SENTENCES

Frase inadequada: Forma mais adequada:

During my vacation in July, when I went
to the south of France and other parts of
central Europe, I bought many souvenirs
and I saw many interesting places, both
the normal tourist sites and the lesser
known locations.
Last July I went on vacation in the south of
France and other parts of central Europe. I
bought many souvenirs and saw many
interesting places. Some of the places I
visited were the normal tourist sites, and
others were lesser known locations.
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USE DISCOURSE MARKERS - Cohesion

I went swimming in spite of the cold weather.

It was cold. I went swimming.
Although it was cold, I went swimming.

Many people watch TV. I don't like to
waste my time watching television. The
quality of the programs is very poor. I'm
going to read books. I'm not going to
watch soap operas.
Although many people watch TV, I don't like
to waste my time watching television
because the quality of the programs is very
poor. Therefore I'm going to read books
instead of watching soap operas.
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SENTENCES MUST GIVE INFORMATION

EXERCISE

Are these sentences? Why?

1. John ran quickly 6. The best café in town

2. If I am lucky 7. John went to the shop in the evening
3. Paris is the capital of France 8. Ladies and Gentlemen!
4. Let’s go 9. The beautiful well dressed lady
5. When he came to my house 10. Are they married?
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ORDER

SUBJECT Adv VERB Adv Adv Place Adv Time

INDIRECT DIRECT Freq Manner
SUBJECT VERB(S) Adv Place Adv Time
OBJECT OBJECT WHO HOW WHAT HOW WHERE WHEN
OFTEN
He ----------- traveled quickly to Spain yesterday
I will tell you the story at school tomorrow. -----
They study very hard at home on the
always weekend

EXERCISE - Put in order

(a) will/truth/tell/the/ him/I/ always

(b) goes/bus/my/to/club /sometimes/sister/by/the
(c) at/ often/ in/ night/park/is/the/running/Peter
(d) her/yesterday/didn´t/ meet/ here/ /we/
(e) at/ the party/ arrived/ last week/ he/ late
(f) a/nice/ it/yesterday/ day /was
(g) like/ in /Mary/ days /winter/ doesn´t /rain
(h) short/ American/ has/ recently/writer/ stories/ published/ the famous/
(i) there/movies/ today/ interesting/ are /on /TV/ some
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DISCOURSE MARKERS/LINKING WORDS

MARCADORES DE DISCURSO, normalmente representados por conjunções, são conectivos que

servem para mostrar relações de tempo, causa, adição, e adversidade entre sentenças e parágrafos.

1A. Food and drink prices in New York are very high. Renting an apartment in New York
is very expensive
 
- Food and drink prices in New York are very high; furthermore, renting an apartment
is very expensive.
 
 
1B Life in NY is very expensive.. Life in New York can be extremely exciting

- Despite the fact that life in NY is very expensive, it can be extremely exciting.
- Life in NY is very expensive. However, it can be extremely exciting.
 
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DISCOURSE MARKERS/LINKING WORDS
ADIÇÃO ADVERSIDADE CAUSA CONSEQUÊNCIA TEMPO
SEQUÊNCIA
AND(e) BUT(mas) SO(assim) FIRST
      (Primeiramente)
       
*FURTHERMORE *HOWEVER *THEREFORE SECOND, THIRD…
*IN ADDITION TO YET (Portanto) (Em segundo, terceiro……lugar)
*MOREOVER *NEVERTHELESS    
(Além disso) (Entretanto)   THEN/NEXT/AFTER
    *CONSEQUENTLY (A seguir)
ALSO/TOO (Também) *ALTHOUGH/ *AS A RESULT  
  THOUGH (Embora) (Consequentemente) FINALLY
      (Finalmente)
       
EITHER…….OR     FORMERLY/
(ou……ou) RATHER THAN/ SINCE BEFORE
  INSTEAD OF (Visto que) (Anteriormente)
NEITHER….NOR (Ao invés de)    
(Nem……nem)     AFTER
  *ON THE OTHER BECAUSE (Depois/
BOTH………AND HAND (Porque, por causa de) posteriormente)
(Tanto….quanto) (Por outro lado)  
    UNTIL (Até)
   
  WHILE
WHEREAS
(Enquanto)
 
MEANWHILE
(Enquanto isso)
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EXERCISE DISCOURSE MARKERS/LINKING WORDS

Adversidade: But, However, Although

Adição: In addition, Moreover, Furthermore
Cause/Consequence: So, Then, Consequently, Therefore, Because

1. Arranged marriages are unusual in the West. In the Middle East, _______________ they are
common.
2. ____________________the film was a little boring, we still had a nice evening out.
3. I got up at 9 o'clock yesterday and had a cold shower. ___________, I had breakfast and left for
work.
4. I don’t like to travel to the beach in July because it is usually cold.___________ it usually rains.
5. My brother lives in a large office. ______________________I work from home.
6. He didn’t show up for online classes. ______________he wasn’t successful in his final exams
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EXERCISE DISCOURSE MARKERS/LINKING WORDS

Story 1
He immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s. He and his
wife settled in the Pacific. They had three children. His wife died. He
went back to Italy, he went to look for another wife and he took the
children with him. He got to Italy. The women he wanted to marry
had left for the USA. He and the children returned to the United
States. He followed the woman to a small town in New York State.
Finally he convinced her to marry him, they settled in New York and
had five children. My grandmother was one of them.