GRAMMAR + WRITING 1

Instructor: Nguyen T. Thuy Duong

Email: duongnguyen.gn@gmail.com

HCM City, 18 April 2020

 CONTENTS

 Introduction to the course calendar

 Overview of verb tenses
 Singular and Plural Nouns
 Chapter 1: Academic life around the
world
 Textbook

1. UNDERSTANDING AND USING ENGLISH

GRAMMAR (C.1-5) –Betty Schramfer Azar -
Prentice Hall Regents

2. INTERACTION 1-WRITING (C.1-5) –Cheryl

Pavlik& Margaret Keenen Segal
 Class communication

• Upload your daily assignment into Google form at the end of

day (Name your file after your full name. Ex: Nguyen Van A.doc)
• Mid-term test: Google Form
• Meeting chat
 GRADING & ASSESSMENT

• Mid-term assessment (40% total score):

• 20%: Participation
• 20%: Weekly assignment
• 60%: Mid-term assigment
• Final exam (60% total score)
 COURSE CALENDAR
Dates Contents
  1. Course introduction
  2. Verb tenses
18 April 2020
1.Singular and Plural Nouns
2.Chapter 1: Academic around the world
  1. Passive
  1. Modal verbs and similar expressions
  2. Chapter 2: Experiencing nature
25 April 2020 3. Chapter 3: Living to eat or Eating to live?

 
1. Gerund and infinitives
02 May 2020 2. Chapter 4: In the community
3. Chapter 5: Home
 
1. Course review
2. Mid-term test
 Overview of Verb Tenses
What is tense in English?

The concept of tense in English is a method that we use to refer to

time - past, present and future. Many languages use tense to talk
about time. Other languages have no concept of tense at all, but of
course they can still talk about time, using different methods.
One tense does not always talk about one time:
-He hopes that he passes the text tomorrow
-If I won the lottery, I would offer you a free tour to Europe
 TENSES
present
past future

Time expresses:
•past - before now
•present - now, or any time that includes now
•future - after now
Aspect can be:
•progressive - uncompleted action
•perfective - completed action or state
 Verb “sing/sang/sung"
  Time
Past Present Future

Simple Tenses sang sing(s) will sing

Progressive was is singing will be
Aspect singing singing
Perfect had sung has sung will have
sung
 1. Simple
Present
TENSES 2. Simple
Past
3. Simple
Future 1. Present
Progressive
2. Past
Progressive
• The simple tenses 3. Future
Progressive
• The progressive tenses
• The perfect tenses 1. Present
Perfect
• The perfect progressive tenses 2. Past Perfect
3. Future
Perfect
 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
Simple form Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle
(Base form)
Regular Verbs
hope hoped hoped hoping
stop stopped stopped stopping
listen listened listened listening
study studied studied studying
Irregular Verbs
be Was/were been (being)
break broke broken breaking
come came come coming
find found found finding
hit hit hit hitting
Irregular Verbs:
https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/irregular-verbs-list.htm
SPELLING OF _ING AND _ED FORMS
 Exercise:
Write the correct –ing and –ed forms for the following

1. Boil
5. Prefer
Boiling, boiled
Preferring, preferred
2. Try 6. Gain
Trying, tried
Gaining, gained
3. Stay 7. Admit
Staying, stayed
Admitting, admitted
4. Tape 8. Hug
Taping, taped
Hugging, hugged
5. Offer 9. Rage
Offering, offered
Raging, raged
 THE SIMPLE TENSES
TENSE EXAMPLES (+): CLUES
S + be (am/is/are)
I am happy to work here Always,
S + base form (I,usually,
we, you, they)
We are happy in this country S+ basenormally,
form_S/ES frequently,
(he, she, it)
SIMPLE I/We drink coffee every morning(-): often, sometimes,
PRESENT He drinks tea every day occasionally, seldom,
Be + NOT
Peter watches TV every day Do/Does + not hardly
rarely, + base form
ever,
The sun rises in the East every....
I was happy with him last year (+): Yesterday
We were happy last year Last
S + V_ed/ Irregular Verbs
SIMPLE PAST I/We drank coffee last night (-): Ago
He drank tea last night In 2019
Be + NOT
Did + not
Peter watched TV about coronavirus ... + base form
outbreak yesterday
I will be happy to see him tomorrow Tomorrow
(+): Next (week, year...)
We will be happy to meet them next
time S + willIn
+ base
2020form
SIMPLE FUTURE
I/We will drink coffee tonight ....
(-):
He will drink coffee tonight Will + not + base form
 Practice: The simple tenses

Write about:
1.Your habit and daily life
2.What you did yesterday
3.What you will do tomorrow
Link:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnTzsr5EPy9
MEBlDgGCT3USgRm2SIQu3apZwtDpezjwRMCtQ/
viewform
Present simple “Have” and “Be”

1.We have  a nice garden.

2.She (to be) is six years old.
3.Simon has  two rabbits and five
goldfish.
4.I (to be) am from Vienna,
Austria.
5.They (to be) are Sandy's
 VERBS
THE PROGRESSIVE TENSES
TENSE EXAMPLES (+): CLUES
be (am/is/are) + V-ING
Tom is sleeping right now Now, at present, at the
PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE They are reading books at the (-): moment, today,
moment currently....
be (am/is/are) + NOT+ V-
She is talking to her mother onING
the phone

Tom was sleeping when I arrived (+): At 10:00 last night

PAST They were reading books at 3 be (was/were) + at
In progress V-ING
a
PROGRESSIVE o’clock yesterday (-): particular time in the
When I came yesterday, she was be (was/were)
past + NOT+ V-
ING ...
talking to her mother on the phone

FUTURE (+): At 10:00 tomorrow

Tom will be sleeping when I arrive
PROGRESSIVE They will be reading books at 3 Will benight.
+ V-ING
o’clock tomorow In progress at a
When I come tommorrow, she will (-): particular time in the
be talking to her mother on the Will befuture
+ NOT+ V-ING
phone again. ....
Practice: The Progressive tenses

Answer following questions:

1.What are you doing right now?
2.What were you doing at this time yesterday?
3.What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?

Link:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfHLiSI6Y8b21PY73Kn6
AF6AVCD7bTcuZXBB2aCeRXr0Kj26A/viewform
 VERBS
THE PERFECT TENSES
TENSE EXAMPLES CLUES
Tom has already eaten. Just,  Recently, Lately:, Already,
PRESENT (+):
We have already eaten. ever, never,
Have/has + past participle
PERFECT Before (at the end of the sentence)
eat now Yet: negative and question
(-): + particular time (since
Since
Have/has+
1992, NOT+ past
since June...)
time?
participle of time (for a year, for
For + period
a long time, …)
So far = Until now = Up to now
= Up to the present

PAST PERFECT Tom had already eaten Finished

(+): before another time in
eat arrive when his friend arrived. the
Had past
+ past participle
We had already eaten ...
(-):
when she arrived. Had+ NOT+ past participle
now
FUTURE Tom will already have (+):
Finnished before another time in
PERFECT eaten when his friend Willfuture
the have+ past participle
eat arrive arrives. (-):
....
We will already have Will + NOT+ have + past
now eaten when she arrives. participle
 Practice: The perfect tenses

Answer following questions:

1.What have you done since you got up this morning?
2.What had you done before you went to bed last night?
3.What will you have done by the time you go to bed
tonight?
Link:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdeXIe1n3wEm2hjTV
NbgpwaqFL32wV7gKIjCrJFBeidRN7bZg/viewform
 THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES
TENSE EXAMPLES CLUES

PRESENT - Event in progress

PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
Tom has been studying
for two hours.
- For a period of
time
Have/has + been + V-Ing

2 hrs
 Simple present vs present progressive

is washing

1. Diane can’t come to thewashes

phone because she (wash)____________ her
hair.
2. Diane (wash)__________ her hair every other day or so.
usually sits
3. Kathy (sit, usually)__________ in the front row during class, but today
she (sit)________ in the last row. is sitting
4. Please be quiet. I (try)_______ to concentrate.
5. (you, lock, always)________________________
am trying the door to your
apartment when you leave?
6. I wrote to my friend last week. She you always
Do hasn’t lockmy letter yet. I (wait,
answered
still)_____________ for a reply.

am still waiting
STATIVE VERBS
 Discuss the differences in meaning of the
italicized verbs

• have
I have an old car.  state – possession

I'm having a quick break.  action – having a break is an activity

• see
Do you see any problems with that?  state – opinion
We're seeing Tadanari tomorrow afternoon. 
action – we're meeting him

Look

You look great today

 Troublesome verbs:
RAISE/RISE, SET/SIT, LAY/LIE
Transitive
1. Raise/ raised/ raised
She raised the gun and fired.
3. set/set/set
I will set the book on the desk
5. lay/laid/laid
I am laying the book on the desk
Intransitive
2. rise/rose/risen
The sun rises in the east
4. sit/sat/sat
I sit in the front now
6. lie/lied/lied: not tell the truth
lie/lay/lain
He is laying on his bed
 Practice

1. The student (raised, rose) his hand in class.

2. Hot air (raises, rises).
3. Ann (set/sat) in a chair because she was tired.
4. Hens (lay, lie) eggs.
5. Fred (set, sat) the table for dinner.
6. Fred (set, sat) at the table for dinner.
 Using progressive verbs with
always to complain

• David always smokes before starting work.

• David is always smoking before starting work.
• Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the floor for
me to pick up. I am always/forever/constantly
picking up Mary’s dirty socks.
 Using expressions of place with
progressive verbs

- What is Kay doing?

Ex:
She’s studying in her room
•in her room - Where’s Kay?
•In bed She’s in her room studying
•In Singapore -What was Jack doing when you arrived?
•... He was reading a book in bed
-Where was Jack when you arrived?
He was in bed reading a book.
 Practice

1. Listen to music/ in her room

Where’s Sally?
She’s in her room listening to music
2. Listen to music/ in the living room?
What’s Surasuk doing?
He’s listening to music in the living room.
3. Watch TV/ in his bedroom
Where was Jack when you got home?
Jack was in his bedroom watching TV when I got home
______________________________________
• Take a nap/ on the couch in the living room
What’s Roy doing?
Where’s Roy?
• Attend a conference/ in New York
Where’s Mis Chang this week?
• Study for a test/in the library
Where’s Joan?
What’s Joan doing?
 Simple past vs past progressive
had

1. We (have)____________ a wonderful dinner last night to celebrate our 25th wedding

anniversary. was in his garage working
2. A: Why is Henry in the hospital? exploded
B: He (work, in his garage)_________________ on his car when the gas tank
(explode)________________ caused
A: What (cause)____________the explosion?
lit/ lighted
B: Henry (light)____________a cigarette
3. Bill asked me to go over his apartment but I (want, not)___________ to leave the house
because I (wait)______
didn’t want for a phone call.
4. When we (look)_______ in on the baby last night, he (sleep)_________. I think he
was wating
(dream)____________ about something nice because he (smile)___________.
looked
Was sleeping was dreaming
was smiling
 didn’t hear

5.Amy (hear
Wasnot) _________
in her her parents having argument last
room listening
night. She (listen, in her room)___________________ to music.
didn’t see
6. A: I’m sorry, Officer. I (see, not)__________ the stop sign. I
was thinking
(think)_______________ about something else.
B: What (you, think)___________ about? You should have been
were you thinking
thinking about your driving.
7. The police (outwit)______________
outwitted a thief yesterday. They
(surround)_____________ the jewelry store while he (stuff, still
surrounded
inside)________________ his pockets with diamonds
was still inside stuffing
 Present perfect and simple past
went

arrived
1. Al (go)___________ to a party at Sally’s apartment last Saturday night.
2. Bill (arrive)____________
has been here three days ago.
3. Bill (be) ______________ here since the 22nd.
4. Try not to be absent from class again
have for
already missed
the rest of the term. You (miss,
already) _____________ too many classes. You (miss)
missed
______________ two classes just last week.
5. So far this week, I (have) __________ two tests and a quiz.
have had
6. Alex is an artist. He (draw)____________ many beautiful pictures in his
lifetime. Last week he (draw)___________ a beautiful mountain scene.
has drawn
drew
 took
7. Mark ___________ a trip to Asia last October. He
_____________
has taken many trips to Asia since he started his
own import- export business. (take)

Present Perfect + Since + Simple past

Present Perfect + Since + a particular time

Present Perfect + for + a duration of time
 Using “since” and “for"

since

1. My wife and I have moved three

for times ______we got married.
2. We’ve lived here ________ a long
sincetime ago. They’ve lived here
________ 1980.
3. My sister’s husband got a job on a fishing boat in Alaska. He’s been
forshould be coming home soon.
there _________ eleven weeks, but he
4. The Smiths have lived here _________ a long time ago. They’ve
lived here _________ 1980.
for
5. The world has enjoyed Beethoven’s music __________ nearly 200
years. since

for
 The present perfect and the
present perfect progressive
has slept

1. Tim (sleep)_________ in the downstairs bedroom only once. He

usually sleeps upstairs
haven’t in the bedroom he shares with his
flown
brother.
2. I (fly, not)___________ on a plane since last year when I was on
a plane that had a fire in one of its engineers. Now I’m afraid to
even think about getting on a airplane.
3. A: How much longer until we arrive at the Singapore airport?
B: Let me see. It’s about 9:15. We (fly)____________ for almost
six hours. We should be there in another couplehave
of hours.
been flying
 Past perfect

• Sam had already left by the time Ann got there.

• The thief simply walked in. Someone had
forgotten to lock the door.
• Sam had left before Ann got there.
• After the guest had left, I went to bed.
 The simple past and the past perfect

had already finished

1. By the time Jason arrived to help, we (already finish)
_______________moving
turned on everything.
2. The apartment was hot when I got home, so I (turn on)
________________ air conditioner. had already given
got
3. I was late. The teacher (give, already)___________ a quiz
when I (get)_______________
felt to class.
4. I (feel) __________ a little better after I (take) _____________
had taken
the medicine.
ate
5. Last night, I (eat) ___________ four servings of food at the “all-
you-can-eat” special dinner at The Village Reastaurant. Until
that time, I (eat, never) ____________ so much in one meal.
had felt
I’ve never eaten all day today.
miserable
 Future time

Simple future:
Will and Be going to
going to = gonna (in speech)

Ex:
Jack will finish his work tomorrow.
Jack is going to finish his work tomorrow.
Anna will not be here tomorrow.
Ann won’t be here tomorrow.
 Practice: will / be going to

Will Be going to
Express a prediction ✔ ✔

Express a prior plan X ✔

Express willlingness ✔ X

Examples:
Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself!
Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself
I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
The phone is ringing. I’ll get it.
 Will vs Be going to
1. A: Excuse me, waiter! This isn’t what I ordered. I ordered a chicken
salad.
will
B: Sorry, sir. I ___________ take this back and get your salad

2. A: Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow? We are going to

_________
visit the natural history museum.
B: Sure. I’ve never been there.

3. A: What’s the mustard?

B: In the refrigerator, on the middle shelf.
A: I’ve looked there.
will
B: Okay. I ___________ find it for you.

are going to
4. A: What’s all this paint for? (you)______________ paint your house?
B: No, we _______________
are going to paint my mother’s house.

5. A: Let’s make something easy for dinner. Got any ideas?

will/ are going to
B: I ___________________ make some rice. Why don’t you make a
salad?
A: Sounds good.
 Expressing the future in time
clause
When Bob comes, we will see him.
Before she leaves, she’s going to finish her work.
After I get home, I will eat dinner.
As soon as it arrives, we’ll be able to leave for the
airport.
They are going to come soon. I’ll wait here until they
come
 Using Adverb clauses to show
time relationship
After After she graduates, she will get a job
After she (had) graduated, she got a job

Before I will leave before he comes.

I (had) left before he came
By the time By the time he arrived, we had already left.
By the time he comes, we will have already
left
Since I haven’t seen him since he left this morning
I’ve known her ever since I was a child.
As soon as As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
Once Once it stops raining, we will leave
 PRACTICE ON ADVERB
CLAUSES

Duration: 10 minutes

Link: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdav-
yudN6CNusMkn61DnXh2RjqpI6pBWD8T-iWDMLrnreXNg/
viewform
Plurals
 Singular Nouns
A noun is a word that names a person, place,
thing, or idea. A singular noun names only
one person, place, thing, or idea.
• one boy
• one forest
• one apple
• one piece
Tell whether each of the following
nouns is singular or plural.

breakfasts squirrel carpenters

feathers strangers galleys

guide sweaters guitar

heart territories kittens

lawyers volcano locket

mountains wrist partners

passengers writer pickle

plantation scenes children

 Rule 1
Singular Plural
boy boys
To form the plural of
most nouns you hair hairs
hair
simply add an s to trap traps
trap
the end of the
noun. girl girls
girl

door doors
door

voice voices
voice

wood woods
wood
 Rule 2

Singular Plural
If the noun ends in sh, ch, brush brushes
x, s, or z add es to make lunch lunches
it plural. fox foxes
success successes
• Notice that these words buzz buzzes
all end in a “hissing”
sound.
 Rule 3
If a noun ends in a consonant plus y, the y changes to i
before es is added. Note: If the noun ends in a vowel
plus y, just add s.
What are the vowels?
a
e
i
o
u
All the other letters are consonants.
So
Play ends in a (vowel) and y therefore the plural form is
plays.
Monkey ends in e (vowel) and y therefore the plural
form is monkeys.
Likewise
Party ends in t (consonant) and y therefore the plural
form is parties.
Candy ends in d (consonant) and y therefore the plural
form is candies.
Singular Plural
boy boys
baby babies
lily lilies
family families
pony ponies
day days
 Rule 4

Singular Plural
loaf loaves
Most of the words that end thief thieves
with f, ff, or fe are made wolf wolves
plural by changing the life lives
ending to -ves. half halves
knife knives
 Singular Plural
chief chiefs
cliff cliffs
proof proofs
belief beliefs
gulf gulfs
roof roofs
There are exceptions that safe safes

must be memorized or sniff sniffs

chef chefs
looked up. ref refs
giraffe giraffes
cafe cafes
 Rule 6 Singular Plural
sheep sheep
moose moose
deer deer
perch perch
salmon salmon

Some words are the same fish fish

tuna tuna
in both the singular and
trout trout
the plural forms.
bison bison
series series
swine swine
corps corps
 Rule 7

Singular Plural

Some words form their mouse mice

child children
plural by changing the
man men
whole word. These are tooth teeth
called irregular nouns. foot feet
With irregular nouns, you goose geese
have to memorize the person people
plural form. ox oxen
louse lice
woman women
 Subject – Verb Agreement

• Every, each, V-ing, the number of, expression of time,

money, distance + singular
Every man, woman, and child needs love
100 dolars is too much for this stuff
Growing flowers is her hobby.

• S1, as well as S2 +.....: Verb follows S1

My dog, as well as my cats, likes cat food

• Expression of quantity: some of..., a lot of...: Verb
follows the Noun after “OF”
Some of the lecture is not easy
A lot of equipment is new
• A number of....+ Plural
The number of attendees is 11
• There is/ There are : Subject follows “Be”
There are 12 people in the class
• The + Adjective: Plural
The elderly are esily infected by the virus.