WASTE HEAT

What is WASTE HEAT?

 Is the unused heat given to the surrounding

environment in the form of thermal energy

 a product of heat engine in a thermodynamic process

 Valuable resource for emission free electricity

Kelvin-Planck statement

"It is impossible to extract an

amount of heat, represented as
QH, from a hot reservoir and use
it all to do work."

Figure 2: It is impossible for the thermal efficiency of an

engine to be 100%, where all of the heat from the hot
body would be transferred to useful work
Main Sources of Waste Heat

 Waste heat from Thermal

Process

 Waste heat from

Mechanical Drive

 Waste heat from other

systems
Industrial Waste heat
the energy that is generated in industrial processes which is not put
into any practical use and is wasted or dumped into the
environment.

Industrial waste heat sources

 Flue gas / exhaust gas from furnaces, gas engines and thermal
post combustion

 Exhaust air / hot air

 Pressurised hot water / hot water / waste water

 Steam / exhaust vapour

Industrial processes with high heat demands

 Iron and Steel industry

 Cement and building material industry

 Food and beverage processing industry

 Pulp and paper industry

 Chemical industry

 Petroleum industry
Methods to utilize waste heat

 1.Cogeneration or Combined Heat and

Power (CHP)

 2.Waste Heat to Electricity

 3.Greenhouses
Waste Heat to Power (WHP)

 uses waste heat to generate electricity without additional fuel,

combustion, or emissions

 source of clean and reliable power

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Waste Heat to Power (WHP) works by capturing industrial

waste heat with a recovery unit and converting it into emission-
free electricity through a process called heat exchange..
Main forms of technology used in WHP:

 Steam Turbine Technology

 Organic Rankine Cycle

 Emerging Technology
Waste heat recovery systems

 transfers heat from process outputs at high temperature to another part of

the process for some purpose, usually increased efficiency.

 include capturing and transferring the waste heat

 from a process with a gas or liquid back
 to the system as an extra energy source 

 includes a Rankine cycle (RC)

Different commercial recovery units for the transferring of energy
from hot medium space to lower one

 Recuperators

 Regenerators

 Heat pipe exchanger

 Thermal Wheel

 Economizer heat pumps

 Run around coil

Advantages of Waste Heat Recovery

 Power generation

 Adds to the efficiency of the process

 decrease the costs of fuel and energy consumption needed for that process

 Important resource for vastly increasing industrial energy efficiency.

 Improving the competitiveness of industrial sector.

 Providing a source of pollution free power.

Disadvantages

 Capital cost

 Quality of heat

 Maintenance of Equipment

 Units add addition size and mass to overall power unit. Especially

a consideration on power units which are on vehicles

Factors Affecting Waste Heat Recovery Feasibility

 Heat quantity
 Heat temperature/quality
 Composition
 Minimum allowed temperature
Waste Heat Recovery Projects around the World
Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation System(Cagayan de Oro,
Mindanao - The Philippines)

Photo : Boiler installed in Philippine

Sinter Corporation factory.
Location:
Suburb of Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao,
the Philippines
Power Output:
18.5MW
Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation System(Padang, Indonesia)

Cement Waste Heat Recovery

Power Generation system
constructed in PT. Semen Padang
Location:
Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Power Output:
8.5MW
Department of Energy Report on United States of America