Quotes

Anyone who has never made a mistake has

never tried anything new.” – Albert Einstein.
Module :1
Terminologies, Ohms law, Kirchhoff’s laws, Series-
parallel circuits, voltage & current division, star-delta
conversion. Node voltage analysis, Mesh current analysis,
special cases.
Student Learning Outcomes
• Having an ability to apply mathematics and science in engineering
applications.
• Having a clear understanding of the subject related concepts and of
contemporary issues.
• Having an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to
analyze and interpret data.

Suggested Reading:

Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku, “Fundamentals of Electric

Circuits,” Eighth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, India.
The Course is Solid Ground for Further
Studies in Electronics
 The basic knowledge on DC circuits is needed on the courses Analog
electronics Analysis: Basic AC-Theory, Measuring Technology,
Automotive Electronics 1, Automotive Electrical Engineering Labs, . . .

Important!
By studying this course well, studying the upcoming courses will be easier!

 The basics of DC circuits are vital for automotive electronics engineer,

just like the basics of accounting are vital for an auditor, and basics of
strength of materials are vital for a bridge-building engineer etc.
 What is Easy and What is Hard?

 Different things are hard for different people. But

my own experience shows that DC analysis is easy,
because the math involved is very basic.
 Electric Current

•• Electric current is a flow of electric charge.

 
Q=I×t    = 6.24 ×10 18  electrons
1C
• Charge on 1 electron=1.6C
• The unit for electric current is the ampere (A).
• The abbreviation for the quantity is I .

  𝑸
𝑰=
• One may compare the electric𝒕current with water flowing in a pipe
(so called hydraulic analogy).
• The current in a wire is denoted like this:

DC AC
 Voltage

• The potential difference between two points is called voltage

• To move the electron in a conductor in a particular direction

requires some work.

• The unit of voltage is the volt (V).

Image source: http://www.electronicsandyou.com/

 Resistance
• In electronics the electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its
opposition to the flow of electric current.
  𝑉
𝑅=
𝐼
• Unit of resistance is Ω (ohm)
 Gentle Man
Georg Simon Ohm (1787–1854), a German physicist, is credited with
finding the relationship between current and voltage for a resistor. This
relationship is known as Ohm’s law .

• Ohm’s law states that the voltage v across a resistor is

directly proportional to the current i flowing through the
resistor.
𝒗  𝜶  𝒊
 

𝒗  = 𝒊𝑹
 

• The resistance R of an element denotes its ability to resist the flow of

electric current; it is measured in ohms (Ω ).
 Types of Sources

1. Independent Sources
• Voltage Source
• Current Source
2. Dependant Sources
• Voltage Controlled Current Source
• Voltage Controlled Voltage Source
• Current Controlled Voltage Source
• Current Controlled Current Source
 Independent source
• An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a
specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other
circuit elements.
Note:
• Elements found in electric circuits: Active and Passive.
• An active element is capable of generating energy while a passive
element is not. Passive Elements: resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
Active elements generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers.
 Dependent Sources

The current or current source value depends on a voltage or current

elsewhere in the network.