Organ transplant

Face transplant/Facial allograft

transplant (FAT)
 Definition: What are Organ
Transplants?

• An organ transplant is a surgical operation in

which a failing or damaged organ in the
human body is removed and replaced with a
functioning one. The donated organ may be
from a deceased donor, a living donor, or an
animal. In some cases an artificial organ is
used.
 Ethical Issues

• The major ethical concerns regarding organ

transplant stem from the issue of a shortage of
organs. The number of patients on the waiting
list for organ donation far exceeds the number of
available donors. As of January 2008, over 97,900
people remained on a waiting list, and between
January and September of 2007 only 21,403
transplant surgeries had been performed.
 Issues

• better chance for survival be given priority

• parents of young children
• incentives, either monetary or non-monetary
• (smoking, drinking, drug use, obesity, etc
• transplant tourism
• Should prisoners on death row be given the option of
donating organs upon their death, or even be offered the
option of trading a kidney or bone marrow in exchange for
a life sentence in prison without parole?
• required to indicate their wishes regarding organ
transplantation
• Should consent to donate organs be presumed, so
that organs are donated unless a person, while
still living, specifically requests not to donate
upon death?
• Should organs be created through the use of stem
cells?
• Should hospital policies permit organs to be taken
from non- heart-beating donors (NHBD) to
increase the number of organs available?
• bilateral hand transplantation(Dubernard et
al., 2003)
• The first partial face transplant(of the nose,
lips and chin) was carried out by Dubenard
and colleagues, in France, in November 2005.
• facial transplantation will beused to alleviate
functional impairment, for example ,where
burns contractures prevent mouth opening
orother facial movement, where the eyelids
have been lost(leading to corneal ulceration
and blindness) or where the nose or ears have
been lost. It provides opportunities for
functional improvement and improved
cosmesis currently impossible with other
surgical techniques
• The final appearance is likely to be a
composite of donor and recipient faces, not
identical to either original face but retaining
some superficial donor characteristics such as
eyebrows (Clarke & Butler, 2005).
 face transplantation
• excited considerable interest and debate
• the issue of the psychological impact on the
recipient, and concluded that more research and
planning was needed before the procedure
should be carried out.
• Among the major concerns identified were the
problem of informed consent for a new
procedure
• The impact of lifelong immunosuppression in a
‘quality of life
• psychological problems of altered appearance
• The operation will be performed only for the
improvement of facial function where current
surgical techniques are limited
• Facial transplantation is not, at present,
indicated for cosmetic reasons, i.e.: in the
absence of facial pathology, because of both
short and long-term risk, in particular the
consequences of life long
immunosuppression.
Baginya operasi face-off tidak sekadar
memperbaiki wajahnya, tapi juga
memperbaiki psikologi, hati dan
imannya. Selama di rumah sakit, Lisa
mengaku juga banyak mendapat ilmu
dan nasehat dari tim dokter. Hal
tersebut membuatnya makin kuat
menjalani hidup dan menatap masa
depan.