Nursing From Conception To Adolescence

Chapter 22
Conception Through
Adolescence
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
 Discuss physiological and psychosocial health
concerns during the transition of the child from
intrauterine to extrauterine life.
 Describe characteristics of physical growth of the
fetus and of the child from birth to adolescence.
 Describe cognitive and psychosocial development
from birth to adolescence.
 Describe the interactions that occur between parent
and child.
 Explain the role of play in the development of the
child.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2
Learning Objectives
 Identify factors that contribute to self-esteem in youth.
 Describe the influence of the school environment on
the development of the child.
 Plan culturally appropriate health promotion activities
for children of all backgrounds.
 Discuss ways in which you can help parents meet
their children’s developmental needs.
Stages of Growth and Development
 Human growth and development are

continuous and complex.
 Growth and development are based on timing
and sequence of developmental tasks.
Selecting a Developmental
Framework for Nursing
 An organized, systematic approach ensures
that a care plan will meet the needs of the
child and family.
 A developmental approach helps nurses plan
and organize care according to the child’s
developmental stage.
Developmental Age Periods
 Prenatal: conception to birth

 Infancy: birth to 12 to 18 months of age
 Early Childhood: 1 to 6 years of age
 Middle Childhood: 6 to 12 years of age
 Adolescence: 12 to 19 years of age
Conception
 Rapid growth from the moment of conception

 Intrauterine life
 First trimester
 Second trimester
 Third trimester
 Health promotion
Quick Quiz!
A pregnant teenager asks the clinic nurse why
she should not smoke during the first trimester.
What would be the nurse’s best response?
A. “The baby’s distribution of body hair can be
altered.”
B. “The baby’s organ systems are beginning to
develop, and reduced oxygen can affect this
development.”
C. “The baby’s development of fingers and toes can
be affected.”
D. “The baby’s sex can be determined in the first 3
months.”
Transition from Intrauterine
to Extrauterine Life
 Physical changes
 Psychosocial changes
 Health risks
Newborn
 Cognitive changes
 Health risks
 Health concerns
 Screening
 Circumcision
Infant
 Language
 Separation
 Play
Infant
 Health risks
 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
 Accidental injury
 Child maltreatment
 Health concerns
 Nutrition
 Immunizations
 Sleep
Toddler
 Object permanence
 Preoperational thought
 Language
Toddler
 Sense of autonomy
 Health risks
 Injury
 Poisoning
 Drowning
 Health concerns
 Nutrition
Preschooler
 Artificialism
 Animism
 Immanent justice
 Language
Preschooler
 Play
 Health risks
 Health concerns
 Nutrition
 Sleep
 Vision
School-Age Child
 Puberty
 Classification
 Language development
 Moral development
 Peer relationships
 Sexual identity
School-Age Child
 Health risks
 Accidents, injuries
 Illness, disease
 Health concerns
 Health education
 Safety
 Nutrition
Adolescent
 Definition of “adolescent” versus “puberty”

 Sexual maturation
 Reason abstractly
 Introspective
 Language skills
Adolescent
 Gender identity
 Group identity
 Family identity
 Vocational identity
 Moral identity
 Health identity
Adolescent
 Health risks
 Injuries
 Suicide
 Substance abuse
 Eating disorders
 Obesity and physical inactivity
 Sexual experimentation
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy
Quick Quiz!
The nurse in a family practice clinic is seeing a
14-year-old boy regarding a possible sexually
transmitted infection. What must the nurse
remember about boys at this age, as she talks
to the adolescent?
A. They conform to group norms.
B. They understand future implications of their
behaviour.
C. They cannot understand abstract discussions.
D. They have fully developed their self-esteem.
Adolescent
 Health concerns
 Health education
 Rural adolescents
 Minority adolescents
 Indigenous adolescents
 Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
adolescents
Summary
 Developmental age periods
 Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes
 Health risks and health concerns
 Conception
 Birth
 Newborn
 Infant
 Toddler
 Preschooler
 School-age child
 Adolescent

Nursing From Conception To Adolescence

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Chapter 22

 Human growth and development are

 Prenatal: conception to birth

 Rapid growth from the moment of conception

 Definition of “adolescent” versus “puberty”

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