EASY METHODS TO UPGRADE

YOUR GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR
 Grammar is a road map of the English
Language.
 The rules of English are called grammar.
  If we did not have grammar rules, English
would be almost impossible to understand.
 In any kind of language, speaker should
following the rules and regulations of
language.
WHAT IS LANGUAGE?

 Language means people who use to express

their thoughts, emotions, ideas either in oral or
written form.
 Language is a part of humans. It helps to
convey the ideas from the mind.
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
 Language acquisition is the study of how
humans acquiring the language.
 It deals with the branches of linguistics.
 “Scientific study of language” is known as
linguistics.
 Generally language acquisition can be
categorized into four basic skills. They are:
 Listening Skills,
 Speaking Skills,
 Reading Skills, and
 Writing Skills.
WHAT ARE THE EASY METHODS TO
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR???

 The language of English having certain rules

and regulations. This is what we called as
“Grammar”.

 The topic “Grammar” consists of various sub-

topics which include:
GRAMMAR COVERS:
 Parts of Speech,
 Tenses,
 Active and Passive Voice,
 Sentence Structure,
 Phrases
 Clauses and so on.
PARTS OF SPEECH:

 Nouns
 Verbs
 Adjectives
 Adverbs
 Preposition
 Conjunction
 Interjection
NOUNS
 A noun is just the name of a person, place,
animal, thing, feeling or idea. For example
in this sentence following are the types of
Noun:
 Concrete Noun---------Abstract Noun
 Common Noun---------Proper Noun
 Collective Noun--------Group Noun
 Countable Noun-------Uncountable Noun
CONCRETE NOUN:

 Example: People, places, animals and things

are physical – that means we can see them and
we can touch them. So they are called
concrete nouns – that means they have a real
physical existence.
ABSTRACT NOUN:

 Abstract Nouns are nouns that don’t have

physical existence.
 That means we cannot touch them or see them
and these are ideas and feelings.
 Now in this sentence, “Honesty is the best
policy”. It is a very popular proverb in English.
 In this sentence, “Honesty” and “Policy” are
both nouns but they are abstract nouns.
COMMON NOUN & PROPER
NOUN:
 A common noun is a general noun.

 Proper noun is the name given to a specific

individual.
EXAMPLES FOR COMMON AND
PROPER NOUNS:
Common Nouns Proper Nouns
man Karthick
woman Kamala
city Coimbatore
country India
university University of madras
restaurant KFC
day Friday
month March
COLLECTIVE NOUN:

 It simply means collection.

 Collective noun is the name given to a
group of people – animals, places or things.
There is lot of collective nouns in English
and that are very interesting.
GROUP & COLLECTIVE NOUNS
A group of… Collective Noun
Players Team
Employees Staff
Students Class
Criminals Gang
Soldiers Army
Onlookers Crowd
Wolves Pack
Bees Swarm
Keys Bunch
Shoes Pair
stairs Flight
COLLECTIVE NOUNS

 Collective nouns are really interesting but

there’s one problem. Collective nouns can
be difficult because there are so many of
them.
COUNTABLE NOUN &
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
 Countable noun: Countable noun is a noun
that can be counted.
 Uncountable Noun: Uncountable noun is also
a noun but that cannot be counted.
COUNTABLE NOUN:
 Some common countable nouns are book,
pen, man, spoon, building, elephant, etc.
With of all these we can use numbers or
plurals to talk about them. We can say two
books, five pens, three buildings etc.
 If there is only one, we can use a or an –
 Eg.:
 I have a book.
 There is an elephant.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN:

 But uncountable nouns are nouns like water,

coffee, air, salt, sugar, love, advice and so
on. There is no way to count. It is very
difficult to count and cannot be countable.
 Most abstract nouns are uncountable.
 We cannot use plurals and we cannot use
(a/an)-that is very important. But we can use
units to talk about quantity.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN:
 For example:
A glass of water
 Four kilograms of sugar
 Five liters of water.
COUNTABLE AND
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS:
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

book, pen, man spoon, building, water, coffee, air, salt,

elephant sugar, love, advice

a/an, plurals No a/an, plurals measures

– glass, cup, pounds

How many How much

A few a little

More more

Fewer less
VERB
 Every Sentence must have a Verb
 A verb is a kind of word (part of speech)
that tells about an action or a state. It is the
main part of a sentence
 Examples: Jacob walks in the morning.
 There are sixteen verbs used in Basic
English. They are: be, do, have, come, go,
see, seem, give, take, keep, make, put,
send, say, let, get.
ADJECTIVE
 An adjective is a word that gives information
about a noun (or) pronoun.
 In grammar, we say that an adjective modifies
a noun (or) pronoun;
 Modify here means to change the noun (or)
pronoun by giving more information about it.
TYPES OF ADJECTIVES:
 Adjectives generally can be categorized into two
types. These are called:
Determiners and
Descriptive Adjectives.
DETERMINERS AND DESCRIPTIVE
ADJECTIVES:

Determiners Descriptive
Adjectives
my, your, our, his, her beautiful
this, that, these, those big
what, which, whose small
quantity tall
articles- a/an/the short
blue
red
DETERMINERS:

 Determiners are a small group of grammar words

that act as adjectives.

 Words like my, our, your, his, her, etc., are

determiners.
DETERMINERS:
 For example:
 That’s my car.
 This is my pen.

The word ‘my’ shows that I’m not talking about

any car. But I am talking about one particular car
– ‘my car’- so the word “my” acts as an adjective
by giving information about the noun car.

In the same way, the words such as: “this, that,

these and those” also act as adjectives.
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES:
 Descriptive Adjectives are more interesting
because these are what we commonly think
as adjectives.
 Words such as:
 beautiful
 big
 small
 tall
 short
 blue
 red
ADVERB
 An adverb is a word used to modify a verb,
an adjective, or another adverb. For
example: She swims quickly. (Here,
the adverb quickly modifies the verb swims.)
 So adverb gives information about verb.
 Simply it describes a verb.
EXAMPLES FOR ADVERB:
 Slowly
 Unfortunately
 Very
 Always
 However
 Tomorrow
EXAMPLES:

 He ate the sandwich quickly.

 The camel walks slowly.
 The lion roars loudly.
KINDS OF ADVERBS:
 There are many types of adverb:
1. Adverb of Manner
2. Adverb of Time
3. Adverb of Place
4. Adverb of Degree or Quantity
5. Adverb of frequency
6. Adverb of Reason
7. Adverb of Affirmation and Negation
8. Adverb of Interrogation
1. ADVERB OF MANNER:
 These adverbs which “shows the manner in
which the action is done” are called adverb
of manner.
 Adverb of Manner answers the question:
 How-????? Or in what manner-?????
For example:
1. The children are singing loudly.
2. The little girl runs fast.
2. ADVERB OF TIME:
 Adverb of Time indicates “when the action is
performed”.
 Code words: today, soon, late, tomorrow,
yesterday, now, before, always, never,
rarely, everyday, etc.,
 For Examples:
 We go for a walk everyday.
 He called me yesterday.
 I shall complete my project tomorrow.
 Wasted time never returns.
3. ADVERB OF PLACE:
 Adverb of Place indicates where the action is
performed.
 Code Words: here, there, everywhere,
nowhere, away, near, far, in, out, up, down,
below, above, beside, etc.,
 For example:
 They are working there.
 Chips are kept here.
4. ADVERB OF DEGREE OR
QUANTITY
 They indicate “how much or in what degree,
the action is performed”.
 It answers the question:
 How much -????? Or in what extent-?????
 Code words: very, too, so, almost, rarely, fully,
entirely, hardly, extremely, really, only, etc.,
1. I am fully prepared to face the situation.
2. I know him quite well.
3. He has enough money to buy a car.
4. You are partly right.
5. I am rather busy.
5. ADVERB OF FREQUENCY:
 The word “Frequent” which denotes often.
 They indicate how often the action is performed.
 It answers the question: “how often”-?????
 Code words: Frequently, normally, rarely,
occasionally, seldom, often, continually,
constantly, always, usually, daily, etc.,
 For example:
 1. I have told you twice about my future plan.
 2. He often makes mistakes.
 3. He seldom comes here.
 4. The postman called me again.
6. ADVERB OF REASON:
 Adverbs of reason are words used to “tell the
reason behind the happening of a particular
occurrence”.
 It answers the question: why-?????
 Code Words: because, therefore, so, hence,
since, in order to, consequently, thus, etc.,
 For example:
 1. I was not well, hence did not go to school
today.
 2. I was hungry, so I ordered food.
 3. Karthiga was never late for school, therefore,
she was awarded as the best student.
7. ADVERB OF AFFIRMATION:
 Itis used for “positive response”.
 Code words: absolutely, affirmatively,
exactly, obviously, definitely, surely, really,
yes, undoubtedly, certainly, etc.
 For example:
1. I will definitely do this project.
2. The soldiers should certainly get an award for
bravery.
3. She will surely give you money.
4. The moon is clearly visible from the terrace of
my house.
8. ADVERB OF NEGATION:
 Such words which are not used in positive
way.
 Code words: no, never, scarcely, hardly,
rarely, nothing, nowhere, invalidly, etc.,
 For example:
 They will never do their work.
 I am not going to stay outside.
 My friend rarely talks to strangers.
9. ADVERB OF INTERROGATION:
 Such words which are used to ask questions.
 Code words: when, why, where, how, how
often, how long, what, etc.
 Examples:
 Where do you live?
 Why are you watching this movie?
 What are you doing there?
 When do you celebrate your birthday?
PRONOUN:
 A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a
noun or nouns in a sentence.
 For example:
 Ram is a bus driver.
 Ram drives children to school everyday.

 Ram is a jovial man.

These above three sentences describe Ram. Instead of

repeating this name, we can use the pronoun, “He”.
• Ram is a bus driver.

• He drives children to school everyday.

• He is a jovial man.
PRONOUN:
 Code words: I, you, he, she, it, we, and they
are pronouns that come in the naming part
of a sentence.
Nouns

Singular: Plural:
I, he, she, it are We, they are
using for singular using for plural
noun noun
PRONOUNS:
 The pronoun “you” is used for both singular
and plural nouns.
 The words: me, him, her, it, us, you and
them are also pronouns. They come in the
telling part of a sentence.
 For example:
 He is my father. I adore him.

Singular noun: me, him, her, it

Plural noun: us, them.
PREPOSITIONS:
 A preposition is a word that shows the relation
between a noun or a pronoun and some other
words in a sentence.
 A preposition is a place before a noun or a
pronoun.
PREPOSITIONS: Preposition of Place
(Where someone or
something is)

Prepositions Prepositions of
time(When an event
indicate happens or
happened)

Preposition of
direction (Direction
in which someone
or something comes
or goes)
PREPOSITION OF PLACE:

 Ram is standing against a wall.

 It actually refers where he stands. (Or)

Where ram is.
PREPOSITION OF TIME &
DIRECTION:
Preposition of Time:
 For e.g.: Ram swims on Saturdays.
 Here, the preposition “on” indicates when an
event happened.

Preposition of Direction:
 For e.g.: Ram is throwing a ball at them.
 Here, the direction in which the ball is
thrown.
EXAMPLES OF PREPOSITION
 about
 below
 excepting
 off
 toward
 above
 beneath
 for
 on
 under
 across
 beside(s)
 from
 onto
 underneath
CONJUNCTION:
 A conjunction is a word that joins two nouns, phrase or
sentences.
 Conjunction can be categorized into two types. They are mainly:
1. Coordinating conjunctions and
2. Subordinating conjunctions

1. Coordinating conjunction: It is simply called as join words or sentences

that are independent or equal
 Code Words: [Fanboys]
 for
 and
 nor
 ButCoordinating Conjunctions
 or
 yet
 so
1. COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION:
 It can connect a word to word, phrase to
phrase, and clause to clause.
 For example:
I was alone and sad.
 I heard her put something down and switched
something on.
 I cook and my siblings clean the house. .
2. SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTION
A subordinating conjunction comes at the beginning of a
clause which makes it dependent to independent clauses.
There are a lot of subordinating conjunctions in English but
some of the most common are:
• since
• Because
• After
• While
• If
• Although
• Before
• Until
• Unless
INTERJECTION
 An interjection is a word or phrase that is
grammatically independent from the words
around it, and mainly expresses feeling
rather than meaning. 
 It expresses emotion and feeling of joy,
sorrow, excitement, wonder surprise, pain,
sadness, happiness, and so on. 
 Interjections are usually specific words such
as 'Hurrah, Wow, Oh, Ouch, Huh'.
 It is followed by an exclamation mark.
TYPES OF INTERJECTION:
 There are different types of interjection in
English. They are:
 Interjection of greeting
 Interjection of bidding farewell
 Interjection of joy
 Interjection of praise
 Interjection of attention
 Interjection of surprise
 Interjection of pain
 Interjection of doubt
 1. Interjection of Greeting &
2. Interjection of Bidding Farewell:

 1. Interjection of Greeting: Hey! Hello! Hi!

 2. Interjection of Bidding Farewell: Bye!

Goodbye! See Ya!
3. INTERJECTION OF JOY:

Meaning: Express emotion of happiness.

Code words: Wow! Hurray! Yay!

In Sentence:
Wow! I’m so happy for you.
4. INTERJECTION OF PRAISE:

Meaning: Express approval or praise.

Code Words: Great! Well done! Brilliant!

Bravo!

In Sentence:
Well done! You did great.
5. INTERJECTION OF
ATTENTION:

Meaning: It is used to draw attention.

Code Words: Look! Listen! Shh!

In Sentence:
Look! It is a lion.
6. INTERJECTION OF SURPRISE:

Meaning: It expresses the sense of surprise.

Code words:
What! Ah! Oh! Wow!

In sentence:
What! I can’t believe it.
7. INTERJECTION OF PAIN:
Meaning:
It expresses strong emotion of grief or pain.

Code words:
Ouch! Ah! Oh!

In Sentence:
Ouch! That hurt.
8. INTERJECTION OF DOUBT:
Meaning:
It expresses uncertainty or thinking.

Code Words:
Hmm, um, er, uh.

In Sentence:
Hmm, let me think.
THANK YOU!