DRUG EDUCATION

&
DRUG
VICEEDUCATION
CONTROL
PRELIM&
COVERAGE

VICE CONTROL
PRELIMCOVERAGE

Prepared by:
Jovelyne J Remigio RCrim, MSCrim Units
HISTORY OF DRUGS FROM PAST TO
PRESENT
• DRUGS are substances given to human or animals for the
treatment, prevention, or diagnoses of illness.

• Drugs can relieve pain or other suffering and improve &

control abnormal conditions of the body and mind by
altering the basic bodily functions necessary for life.
PRE SPANISH ERA
• very little was known about drug abuse in the Philippines
• INTOXICANTS AND STIMULANTS – used by the early
Filipinos were fermented alcoholic beverages and the
masticatory preparation known as “ nga-nga”.
• Narcotics and Marijuana was not in the list of vices in the
country.
• Opium poppy and Coca bush was not yet in the Phil.
Vegetation prior to 1521
A. Botanical Concept Of Opium & Its Use

• Ancient Greek Physician HIPPOCRATES II, the father of

medicine prescribed the juice of white poppy plant as an
elixir for many illnesses as early as 5000 BC.
History of Drug Education in the Philippines

• The development of drug control in the Philippines was

brought about by the drug problem encountered since
Spanish era when the Spanish government imposed
control on opium. This continued during the American
regime.
• The drug problem in the country since in the early part of
1900’s encouraged the Philippine authorities to enact laws
in the country for the regulation of drug use and
productions. The first drug control law in the country
was RA no: 953 known as the “Narcotic Drug law of
1953”.
• Drug education was formally incorporated as part of
school program and curricula in the country with the
enactment of RA 6425 known as the “Dangerous Drug
act of 1972” during Marcos regime. In 1992, RA 7624
was enacted integrating drug prevention and control in the
intermediate and secondary curricula as well as the non-
formal, informal and indigenous learning systems
concerning the ill effects of drugs abuse and/or drug
addiction.
• Then in 2002, RA 9165 known as the “Comprehensive
Dangerous Drug Law of 2002” was enacted reforming
the RA 6542. This law provides the instruction on drug
abuse prevention and control shall be integrated in the
elementary, secondary and tertiary curricula of all public
and private schools.
B. General – derived from opium poppy plant
History of called “ papaver sumniferum L.
Narcotics - it was known of its medicinal
O values as early as 1500 BC by
P the Egyptians for its sleep
inducing and pain relieving
I properties.
U - 3-6ft in height
M Chinese Emperor Yung Chen
- prohibited the smoking of opium
& this was resulted to “ Opium
War.”
 – was named after
“MORPHEUS” the
M
O
Greek God of dreams.
R - is a derivative of opium
P
H introduced in 1805.
I
N - soldiers decease
E
 – another derivative of
opium
H - it was the strongest of all
E opium derivatives
R synthesized from morphine.
O - it named after the word “
I HEE” and suggest courage,
N daring and impressive
power.
 – another alkaloid of
opium derived from
C morphine.
O
D - it was widely produced
E in France and used as
I
N an ingredient in the
E preparation of cough
syrup today.
C
O -derived from the leaves of coca – bush
C - erythroxylon coca
A
- Usually in the form of powder
I
N that can be taken orally, injected
E or even sniffed.
 - Cannabis Sativa L./ indian hemp)
- Oldest cultivated plant started by the “incas of
peru”it was known as the sacred tree
M - 12-20ft (height) 8inches (lenght)
A - Pistillate and stamine
R - Resin....hashish
I - THC(tetrahydrocanabinol)-concentrated
J alkaloid which is 5-20x stronger than the mj
plant
U
- Cannabin –active ingredient or alkaloid of the
A
plant
N
A Chinese Emperor Shen Neng
– discovered in 28th century
- He recommend MJ as medicine
THE DRUG CHAIN AS MENA
 A. PRODUCTION
Activities/ Problems Control Measures

• MJ ( Phil., Africa, N/S • crop eradication

America) • income replacement
• Shabu – china, taiwan, HK • development
• Opium poppy cultivation –
• interdiction
Middle East, Asia, Mexico
• regulation/monitoring/i
• Coca bush – South America
• diversion of licit production
nspection
 B. PROCESSING
Activities/ Problems Control Measures

• secret laboratories, • search and destroy

operation
often in remote areas
• regulation/monitoring/insp
• diversion of licit
ection of the manufacture
precursor/chemicals and processing of
chemicals and refining
supplies.
 C. TRAFFICKING
Activities/ Problems
• traficking trough:
- airport/seaports
- hidden airstrips
- private airplane
- fishing and pleasure craft
- automobiles and trucks
- large comercial cargoes
- geograhical transit points
- corruption/ intimidation of
judicial system
Control Measures
• customs operations in
air/seaports
• border and airport security
• search and seizure operations
• political action to revitalize
judicial system
• coast/maritime watch
• bilateral and multilateral
interdiction agreements
 D. FINANCING
Activities/ Problems Control Measures

• money laundering • anti – money laundering

law
• bank secrecy law
• improve banking
prohibiting investments regulations and
of depositors supervisory practices
• movement of profits into • multi – national treaties
the world market • international clearing
• barter arangement house of info on
Narcotics trafficking
• mutual legal assistanc
treaties
 E. RETAILING
Activities/ Problems
• pushing/peddling
• recruitment of young
dealers
• street crime; turf war
• neighborhood deterioration
• intimidation of law
abiding citizen
Control Measures
• buy – bust operations
• livelihood projects
• job assistance and
alternative activities
• street level law enforcement
• neighborhood watch program
• community police-
cooperation
 F. CONSUMPTION
Activities/ Problems Control Measures

• addicts/experimenters • comprehensive demand

reduction through:
• rise and demand in
- treatment of
areas of high production aftercare
• changing consumption - intervention
patterns - primary
• initiation of non-users prevention
What Is Drug Trafficking?
• Drug trafficking is selling, transporting or importing
illegal drugs. Another name for this crime is drug
distribution.
• A federal crime (the laws are decided by Congress and
apply to the entire nation)
• A felony crime (require very serious penalties or prison
time)
• Smuggling across national boarders
• Method or way on how drugs are being traded in the
upper world market
Drug distribution or trafficking laws
• are determined by federal laws. (sec20 of RA 9165)
• They penalize the selling, transportation, and illegal import
of unlawful controlled substances, such as marijuana,
cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, and other illegal
drugs.
• The punishment for drug trafficking can vary widely
depending on several factors including the type and
quantity of drugs involved, geographic area of distribution,
and whether children were targeted.
• Sentences for drug distribution and trafficking can
generally range from 3-5 years to life in prison but can be
substantially higher when larger quantities are involved.
Drug distribution or trafficking
• is a felony and is a more serious crime than drug
possession. If you're found in possession of drugs, you
could be charged with trafficking if police believe you
intended to sell them. (If you're found with a large quantity
of drugs or cash at the time of your arrest, it is likely you'll
be facing drug distribution charges.)
• also applies to the illegal distribution of prescription drugs,
such as pain killers or sleeping pills.
• The illegal distribution of prescription drugs often involves
hydrocodone products and pharmaceutical opiates.
Trafficking Charges
• If a person is caught trafficking a controlled substance
across state lines, federal law will apply, but if the drug
trafficking is entirely within one state, that state's laws will
apply.
 25

FIRST DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE

●
Plantation ●
preparation

Middle East Turkey

United States Europe

●
Selling, barter,
marketing in the ●
production
upper world
SECOND MAJOR DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE
ng
le Golden Crescent
Myanmar Iran
a
Tri

Afghanistan
en

Laos
ld

Pakistan
Go

Thailand India
IN SOUTHEAST ASIA- the golden triangle
approximately produced 60% of opium in the world.
90% of opium in the eastern part of Asia. It is also
officially acknowledge source of Southeast Asian
heroin. A heroin is produced in the golden triangle and
process through nearby countries in relatively in small
quantities through air transport while in US and
Europe by means of transit.
IN SOUTHWEST ASIA- the golden crescent is the
major supplier of opium poppy, marijuana and
heroin products in the western part of Asia.it produced
at least 85 to90 percent of all illicit heroin channeled in
the drug underworld market.
 WORLDWIDE PERSPECTIVE OF
GLOBAL DRUG SCENE
• MIDDLE EAST- the Becka Valley of Lebanon is
considered to be the biggest producer of cannabis sativa
lima in the middle east. Lebanon is also became the
transit country of cocaine from south America to Europe
illicit drug markets.
• SPAIN- is known as the major transshipment point of
international drug traffickers in Europe and became the
paradise of drug user in Europe.
• SOUTH AMERICA- Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and
Panama are the principle source of cocaine supply in the
world due to the robust production of the coca plants.
• MEXICO- is known in the world to be the number one
producer of Cannabis Sativa lima.
• PHILIPPINES- second to Mexico as to the production of
marijuana. It also became the major transshipment point
for the worldwide distribution of illegal drugs particularly
shabu and cocaine from Taiwan and South America.it is
also noted that the said country today is known as the
“drug paradise” for drug abuser in Asia.
• INDIA- is the center of the world’s drug map leading to the
rapid addiction among its people.
• INDONESIA- Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the
main cannabis growing area in Indonesia. Bali Indonesia is an
important transit for drugs route to Australia and New
Zealand.
• SINGAPORE, MALAYSIA & THAILAND- is the most
favorable sites of drug distribution from the golden triangle
and other parts of Asia.
• CHINA-the transit route for heroin from the golden triangle to
Hong Kong. It is also the country where the “epedra” plant is
cultivated source of the drug ephedrine the principal chemical
for producing the drug shabu.
• HONGKONG- the world’s transshipment point of all forms of
heroin.
• JAPAN- became the major consumer of cocaine and shabu
from US and Europe.
THE ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS BEHIND THE
GLOBAL DRUG SCENE
The Columbian Madellin Cartel
• Founded during the 1980s
Columbian drug lord in the name
of Pablo Escobar Gaviria and the
drug Bosses Jose Gonzalo
Rodriguez Gacha and the top aid
cocaine barona Juan David and
Ochoa Brothers.
• The Columbian government
success in containing the Madellin
drug cartel which resulted in the
death, surrender and arrest of the
people behind the organization.
This further resulted to the
disbandment of the cartel led to its
downfall.
The Cali Cartel
• Gilberto Rodriguez Orajuela better
known as Don Chepe he Chinese
player” heads the syndicated
organization and founded it in the
year 1970s.
• The cartel produces 80% of cocaine
in the world. Due to this it was
called the best and brightest of the
modern underworld. They’re
professionals of the highest order
intelligent, efficient, imaginative and
nearly impenetrable stated by US
drug enforcement agency.
 The Norte Del Villo
or North Valley Cartel
The Chinese Triads
• Is drug carte; which operated • Also called as the
principally in the north of the Chinese Mafia
Valle del Cauca region of
• It is believed to be the
Columbia.
• The following are the drug lords controller of the
of this organized group: *Diego Golden Triangle with
De Leon Montoya Sanchez aka international
Don Diego; *Wilber Varela aka
Jabon; *Hernando Gomez
connection on drug
Bustamante aka Rasgunio trafficking.
 Drug Syndicate in the Philippines
• Binondo
• The most common mode of operation (modus operandi)
by the syndicate posing as fisherman along Philippine
seas , particularly the Northern Province of Luzon such as
La Union, Ilocos, Cagayan and Pangasinan where they
drop their loads of shabu to shoreline based members.
• The syndicates are famously involved in marijuana
cultivation and other drug smuggling including drug
manufacture.
Definitions:
• DRUG
 any substance whether natural or synthetic that stimulates,
depresses or irritates specialized cells
 any substance that brings about physical, psychological and
behavioral changes in a person taking it.
DRUG ABUSE
 the use of drug contrary to its purpose.
 refers to the use of certain chemicals for the purpose of creating
pleasurable effects on the brain.
DRUG DEPENDENCE
 a state of psychic or physical dependence, or both, in a dangerous
drug, arising in a person following administration or use of that drug
on a periodic or continuous bases
KINDS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
• PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
 an adaptive state caused by repeated drug use
that reveals itself by developing intense physical
symptoms when the drug is stopped; formerly
called addiction
• PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
 an attachment to drug use, which arises from a
drug’s ability to satisfy some emotional or
personality need of an individual; formerly called
habituation
 Classification of Commonly
Used Drugs

1. Psychoactive Drugs
• these are often described as a psychotropic
(mind affecting) or mind altering drugs. It is a
chemical substance that changes ones thinking,
feelings, perceptions and behaviors.
2. Depressants
• they are drugs that affects the central nervous
system causing it to relax.
5 Common Types of Depressants
- refers to any drugs which
produces insensibility stupor,
melancholy or dullness of mind
with delusion and which may
be habit forming.

- are drugs used in treating

nervous disorders or calm
psychotic patients or mental
disorders without producing
sleep.
 - drugs that affect the central
nervous system causing
sedation.

Street Name:
lily, bala, downers, yellow
jackets, blue heavens and blue
devils

Effects:
*small amounts;relax,sociable,good humoured
*heavy doses; make him/her sluggish(slow
moving/inactive), thickcspeech and straggering
gait.
 ALCOHOL
-fermented or distilled liquids or drug
containing ethanol and intoxicating
substances.
 Oldest intoxicants

 Most commonly abused drug in the

world

ALCOHOLISM, the state or condition

of person produced by drinking
2kinds of alcohol: intoxicating liquor excessively & with
 ethyl habitual frequency.
 methyl
 - drunkard
 - Chronic alcoholic
 Causes of
Types of Drinkers
Alcoholism
• Increase appetite/taste • Occasional
food better • Frequent
• Makes them lift because • Regular
of its soothing effect • Alcohol dependent
• Accepted as a • Alcoholic
glamorizing success and
superiority
• To escape realities in life Effects of alcohol
• Feels sociable and more on the drinker
conversationalist
 Euphoria
 Muscular in Coordination
 Respiratory Paralysis
- volatile liquids that give off vapor,
which is inhaled producing short
term excitement and euphoric
followed by a period of
disorientation.
- Its effect includes nausea,
sneezing, coughing, nose bleeds,
fatigue, and lack of coordination
and loss of appetite.
3. Stimulants (uppers)
 chemical substances that generally speed up central nervous
system function, resulting in alertness and excitability.
Common Types of Stimulants
• Cocaine - A natural stimulant derived from the plant erythroxylon
coca.
 COCAINE (Cocaine Hydrochloride)
• In its form, cocaine is white
• In powdered form, it is odorless and bitter
• It is made up of shiny colorless
crystals that look like crystalline snow
• Freebasing
• it is a method reducing the impurities in cocaine.
• The method procedures a type of cocaine that is many times more
powerful than that the normal cocaine.
• Crack
• chemically altered so that it can be smoked.
• It looks like small lumps or shaving soap but has a mixture or
porcelain.
• Slang names: leaf, snow, coke and speedballs
• Cocaine body packer syndrome
• The ingestion of multiple small packages of cocaine for the
purpose of transporting contraband.
METHAMPHETAMINE/AMPHETAMINE

- man made stimulants drugs.

- It is used for weight reducing in
obesity relief or mind
depression and treatment of
narcolepsy
- Group of synthetic drug
increasing the heart rate and
raising blood pressure.
Slang names: beanies, co-pilots,
footballs, hearts and pep pills
*shabu (methamphetamine
hydrochloride)
CAFFEINE

- A bitter alkaloid substance that

is found specially in coffee, tea,
cacao and kola nuts that makes
you feel awake.
Effects:
- Mental alertness
- Acid production in the
stomach
- Elevated heart rate
- Irregularities in heart beat
• NICOTINE

- It is the main psychoactive

ingredient in tobacco
products
- is a stimulant drug that
speeds up the messages
travelling between the
brain and body.
- an addictive substance
usually obtained from
cigarette smoking.
4. Hallucinogen/Psychedelics
 sometimes known as “all-rounder’s” and
“mind expanders”
 A drug capable of provoking sensation.
 these drugs affects the person
perceptions, awareness, emotions and
can also cause hallucinations as well as
illusions.
 LSD, MJ and Mescaline, are the most
popular hallucinogen
 Can be found in some plants and
mushrooms or can be human made.
 Common Types of Hallucinogens

1.

 canabis sativa lima or indian hemp- dried

flowering or fruiting top of the plant.
 most commonly abused as hallucinogen in
the Philippines because it can grow
extensively on the country.
 The effects of mj include a feeling of
grandeur
 Common Types of Hallucinogens
2.

LySergic Acid Diathylamide

 this drug was first synthesized by Dr. Albert
Hoffman & Dr. Arthur Steel from the ergot plants
 is most powerful of the psychedelics and it is
1000 times powerful than the mj plant
 Most powerful mood-changing chemicals
 LSD (Lysergic Acid Diathylamide)
• Clear or white odourless material made from lysergic acid,
which is found in a fungus that grows on rye and other grains.
• Other names: acid, blotter, dots & yellow sunshine
• Morning Glory Seeds known as the lysergic acidamide
Streetnames:
• Lucy in the sky with diamonds
• Wedding bells
• Acid, white sugar lightning
• Cubes, brain enters (it will change your behavior)
 Common Types of Hallucinogens

3.
 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
 This drug is used to produce a feeling of
excitement and pleasure.
Streetnames:
 XTC
 Adam
 Essence
 E and Herbals
Common Types of Hallucinogens

4.

 it is derived from the surface part of a

small gray brown cactus.
 emits a nauseating odour and its user
suffers from nausea
Mescaline
 The active ingredient of peyote cactus
 Common Types of Hallucinogens
PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOM
5.

4-phosphoryloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine
 This hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican
mushroom
 This mushroom induced nausea, muscular
relaxation, mood changes with visions of bright
colors and shapes.
 Its effects may last for 4-6hours.
 Common Types of Hallucinogens

6.
PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)

 Known on the street as angel dust, hog, love boat

and peace pill.
 It is used an intravenous anaesthetics and
analgesics and used also as treatment for mental
disorder.
 It effects includes visual disturbance and delirium.
The Classification of Drugs
LEGAL DRUGS are those drugs which are
manufactured, produced, bought and sold within the
confines of the law.
• Drugs like aspirin cough syrups, laxatives, antacids,
vitamins and certain contraceptives etc. are legal
drugs,
• Drugs and medications dispensed by pharmacists on
prescriptions given by doctors and dentist are called
prescription drugs.
3 categories:
(a) Non-prescription drugs
(b) Prescription drugs
(c) Social drugs – nicotine, caffeine and alcohol
The Classification of Drugs
ILLEGAL DRUGS -are those, which are not used legally
but are abused.
• Largely it can be further divided into two according to its
potentiality to produce high and low dependence:
• The amphetamines, cocaine, the depressants and the
narcotics etc. (produce high dependency. )
• Marijuana and other hallucinogens (produces low dependency)
• Illegal drugs are varying in nature according to their
ability to produce clinical dependency.
• Heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, barbiturate etc. are
strongly dependence producing drugs.
• At the same time Marijuana, LSD, Psilocybin etc. are
weekly dependence producing drugs.
 SEVEN DRUG CATEGORIES
(1) Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants
• CNS depressants slow down the operations of the brain
and the body.
• Examples of CNS depressants include alcohol,
barbiturates, anti-anxiety tranquilizers (e.g., Valium,
Librium, Xanax, Prozac, and Thorazine), GHB (gamma
hydroxybutyrate), Rohypnol, and many other anti-
depressants
(2) CNS Stimulants
• CNS stimulants accelerate the heart rate and elevate the
blood pressure and "speed-up," or over-stimulate, the
body.
• Examples of CNS stimulants include cocaine, "crack"
cocaine, amphetamines, and methamphetamine ("crank").
(3) Hallucinogens
• Hallucinogens cause the user to perceive things
differently than they actually are.
• Examples include LSD, peyote, psilocybin and MDMA
(Ecstasy).
(4) Dissociative Anesthetics
• Dissociative anesthetics include drugs that inhibit pain by
cutting off or dissociating the brain's perception of the pain.
PCP, its analogs, and dextromethoraphan are examples of
dissociative anesthetics. 
(5) Narcotic Analgesics
• Narcotic analgesics relieve pain, induce euphoria, and
create mood changes in the user.
• Examples of narcotic analgesics include opium, codeine,
heroin, demerol, darvon, morphine, methadone, Vicodin,
and oxycontin.
(6) Inhalants
• Inhalants include a wide variety of breathable substances
that produce mind-altering results and effects.
• Examples of inhalants include Toluene, plastic cement,
paint, gasoline, paint thinners, hair sprays, and various
anesthetic gases.
(7) Cannabis
• Cannabis is the scientific name for marijuana. The active
ingredient in cannabis is delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, or
THC. This category includes cannabinoids and synthetics
like Dronabinol.
 End of
Prelim Coverage

Good Luck 
-mam Jov