Wound healing textile fabric

Textile Chemistry Research and Innovation Center

By:-
1) Natinael Kokeb
2) Chirato Godana and Bahir Dar University
3) Gemeda Gobino
JUNE, 2020
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 Out Line
Background
Statement of the problem
Objectives

Methodology

Out comes, benefits and

beneficiaries

Work plan of the research

Financial requirements
References
2
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 1. Background
Wound
Wound healing

Wound healing phases

 Blood clotting (hemostasis), 
 Inflammation
 Tissue growth (proliferation),
 Tissue re-modelling (maturation).
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Wound dressing Textile materials
 Cellulose or its derivatives
(cotton)
 Man made fibers (Polyester)
 Woven, Knitted and non woven
3
 A wound is ‘a disruption in the normal continuity of a body
structure. (Shai, A., Maibach, H.I., 2005).
 Wound healing is a complex process in which the skin, and the
tissues under it, repairs themselves after injury.

Cotton’s major advantages wearing comfort, natural

appearance, moisture absorbency, economic role.

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  Antimicrobial fabrics are good for critically colonised or locally
infected wounds, some of them are:-
 Polyhexamethylenebiguanide (PHMB) impregnated,
 Silver dressings
 Iodine-based dressings, Honey dressings. But they are:-
 Not available abundantly in rural areas of Ethiopia
 In our country health centres uses untreated fabric
 The present work wound healing treated cotton fabric
will be produced.

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 Wound dressings

Calcium Alginate

Sponges
Burn Dressings

Ba
nd
Silver Wound Care

a
But all the above fabrics are not available abundantly in Ethiopia,
what most health centres in our country uses untreated fabric but the
healing agent treatment is given separately as a pill such as Amoxicillin
which has many side effects .
6
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 Some side effects of Amoxicillin which ordered during
wound infection as (Anon., 2020)

o Abdominal or stomach cramps o chest pain

or tenderness o chills
o back, leg, or stomach pains o clay-colored stools
o black, tarry stools o cough
o bleeding gums o dark urine
o loosening of the skin o difficulty with breathing
o bloody nose o difficulty with swallowing
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 This research extracts the microbial control unit
from naturally existing plant which can reduce the
impact comes from synthetics wound care as well as
easily available and having low toxicity.

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 Cellulosic arseama

 About 110 genera and 1,800 species

 Are commonly called Jack-in-the-pulpit
 Wildflower usually growing 1- 2' tall.
 Roots contain calcium oxalate crystal
Plant Leaf  Best grown in fertile, wet soil in part shade to
full shade.
 Irritant action for mouth unless it is heated due to
presence of needle-shaped calcium oxalate
crystals. But boiling the tubers breaks down the
crystals and yields an edible product rich in starch
Root
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 2. Statement of the problem
Kinds of injuries Urban Vs rural
 Rural areas are exposed to the injury of open
wound by cultivation (farming), chipping or
cutting of different things as well as urbans.
 Wounds painful if they are not treated on time
 Urban peoples can get service easily

 The treatment is costly

 Bandages are not treated before rather they use
additional chemical to heal the wound like Gluxaciline,
Amoxicillin etc
 Medications are imported mostly from foreign
countries which has its own additional cost

Since, We use extracted component from naturally

existing indigenous resources for wound healing which
is less toxicity and other advantages.
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 Our treatment use naturally existing indigenous (inhabitant) plant extract, the
cost to get the wound healing textile will decrease as well as it will abundantly
available.

 Therefore; by using these resources we are going to expand the textile sector
through manufacturing wound healing fabric by antimicrobial treatment on the
woven bandages as well as non-woven wound covering compression fabrics.

 This gives advantage for the agriculture sector and the society for the plant
root become needy when we succeed the research.

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 3. General objective

 Wound healing effect application on cotton textile fabric

3.1. Specific objectives

 To extract the active wound healing component from the plant.

 To characterize and analyze the extracted component.
 To apply extract on cotton fabric wound healing effect.
 To test the healing effect of the treated fabric
 To test different fabric properties of the treated fabric

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 Literature Review
 Blood, by definition, is a fluid that
moves through the vessels of a
circulatory system.
 When the lining of a blood vessel is
damaged (for instance, if you cut your
finger deeply enough for it to bleed),
platelets are attracted to the wound
site, where they form a sticky plug.
 The fibrin forms threads that reinforce
the platelet plug, making a clot that
prevents further loss of blood.
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 The main objective of wound healing is
homeostasis and restoration of tissue integrity.

 Wound and skin infections are the growth and spread of 
microbes, usually bacteria, within the skin or a break or
wound in the skin. These infections trigger the body's 
immune system and cause inflammation and tissue
 damage within the skin or wound and slow the healing
process. (Iftikhar, 2019)

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4 Stages of wound healing (Iftikhar, 2019)
 blood clotting (hemostasis),
  inflammation,
 tissue growth (proliferation) and
 tissue re-modelling (maturation).

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Why cellulosic cotton for biomedical application?
 fine cross section
 mechanical and thermal stability
 water retention
 good biocompatibility
 low density
 good durability and biocompatibility
 yet with low cost
 effortless application

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 The concept of comfort always come together when we deal
about wound healing fabric or wound dressing.
 moisture absorption

 permeability and transport

 Wicking
 Comfort
 Insulation
basically related
 softness (and scratchiness)
to factors:-
 air permeability (breathability)

 chemical properties and

 clothing fit.
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  Common causative organisms(bacterias) associated
with wound infections include:- (Bessa LJ, 2015))

 Staphylococcus aureus (37%), 

 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%),
 Proteus mirabilis (10%),
 Escherichia coli (6%) and 
 Corynebacterium spp. (5%).

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 If any plant material presents
antimicrobial,
analgesic and
anti-inflammatory activities also it may

help to promote wound healing and contribute skin regeneration. 

 Antimicrobial activity is important for wound healing
period, because the wound exposed to external env’t is
more prone to microbial attacks which usually results in
a  delay in the healing process. (ISABELA K.R. AGRA, 2011)
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 Extraction methods
Scientists have studied and analyzed
Solvents used for extraction:-  Hot methods
 Soxhlet extraction
ethanol,
 methanol,  Cold extract
 Water extract
hexane,  Ethanolic extract
 Methanolic extract
ethyl alcohol etc.

Hot process is not recommended for extracting of plants having

higher percentage volatile oil or other heat sensitive components
because they can evaporate during heating at the boiling
temperature of the solvent.
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 phytochemicals -Chemicals which are found naturally
within the plant.

Major divisions are:- (M.Burton-FreemanIndikaEdirisinghe, 2016)

carbohydrate,
 lipids,
phenolics,
terpenoids
alkaloids, and
other nitrogen-containing compounds.
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 Mechanism of action of phytochemicals (Doughari, 2012)

Plant extracts exhibit different modes of action against bacterial

strains, such as
 interference with the phospholipids bilayer of the cell
membrane which has as a consequence permeability
increase and loss of cellular constituents,
 damage of the enzymes involved in the production of
cellular energy and synthesis of structural components, and
 destruction or inactivation of genetic material.

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  Phytochemicals may either be used as chemotherapeutic or chemo
preventive agents with chemoprevention referring to the use of agents
to inhibit, reverse, or retard tumorigenesis.
 In general, the mechanism of action is considered to be the disturbance
of the cytoplasmic membrane, disrupting the proton motive force,
electron flow, active transport, and coagulation of cell contents.

Evaluation  Agar diffusion method (paper disc and well),

methods of the  Dilution method (agar and liquid broth) and
antibacterial and  Turbidimetric and impedimetric monitoring of microbial gr
antifungi owth. (Doughar,2012?
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 3. Methodology.

Data collection Primary and secondary

Materials
Selection
Equipment’s
Design of experiments Chemicals
Extraction
 
Characterization
Apply on fabric
Study wound healing effect
Analysis & optimization
Test the basic fabric
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 3.1. Materials and Equipment

Oven, measuring cylinder, beakers, weight balance,

Equipment's pipette, domestic mill, sieve/filter paper,soxhelt
extractor, thermometer, magnetic stirrer
sonicator,Anti-microbial test equipment’s.

Materials  Cellulosic arisaema Plant and Half bleached cotton

fabric,guaze, bandage.

Chemicals &  Ethanol, Acetic anhydride, Ferric Chloride, Tannic

reagents
acid, H2SO4, NaOH, HCl, chloro-form Standard
detergent, methanol etc.
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 3.2. Method

3.2.1. Design experiments for Extraction

 DOE by three level factorial design 27 test runs required

 
100%

 Temperature
 Time Yield
 Concentration
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 The design of experiments for finish application

Wound healing agent extraction parameters, methanol and ethanol

used as extraction solvents.

Extraction Factor Parameters

Material to Liquor ratio 1:20; 1:35; 1:50
Extraction Time (Minute) 45- 90
Extraction Temperature (oC) 60-90

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 Number of test runs using Box Bohnkene design
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Response 1 Response 2
Run A:Concentration B:Time C:Temperature Yield (%)
Gram Minute oC Ethanol Methanol

1 50 67.5 60 39.5 37.6

2 50 90 75 38.2 36.75
3 35 67.5 75 39.1 38.51
4 35 45 90 33.53 30.2
5 50 67.5 90 34.6 32.45
6 20 67.5 90 35 32
7 35 67.5 75 40 35.55
8 50 45 75 38.2 35.82
9 35 67.5 75 36.72 34.33
10 20 90 75 31.4 28.25
11 35 67.5 75 34.15 31.52
12 35 45 60 33.5 30.3
13 35 90 90 28.5 26.5
14 20 45 75 32.8 29.73
15 35 67.5 75 37.6 36.62
16 35 90 60 35.3 32
17 20 67.5 60 30.5 27.7
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 Ethanolic and
methanolic extract 3.3. steps to extract Soxhlet Extraction

Collect The plant root Collect and wash the plant root

Wash with distilled water

Grind plant root and take 40gmon
filter paper
Grind plant root and take 40gm
Prepare 200ml solvent on conical flask
Add methanol or methanol
Set temp at solvent boiling temp
extracted for 30-45 on magnetic
stirrer and 60min on sonicator extracted for 24 hrs
Filter by Whitman No.1
Recover the solvent and collect the
Collect the extract extract
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 Phytochemical Screening Tests
Phytochemicals Methanol Extract Ethanol Extract
Alkaloid ++ +
Tannin ++ ++
Flavinoid - -
Phenol + +
Saponin + +
Anthocyanin - -
Terpenoid + +
Steroid ++ ++
Protein + +
Cardiac glycosides - -
Carbohydrate ++ ++
Volatile oil ++ ++
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 Phytochemicals Description Ethanolic Methanolic
extract extract
steroids brown-red ring
at interface
Salkowski test
between two
Lieberman-Burchardt test liquids
terpenoids reddish brown
Salkowski test color
Lieberman-Burchardt test

alkaloid
Wagner’s Test
buff colored
tannic acid test precipitate

flavonoids yellow color

--------------------
Alkaline reagent(NaOH) test
H2SO4 test
Tannins green color
Tannic acid test
precipitate
Wagner’s test
Burymer’s test

Cardiac brown ring ------------------

glycosides
Kellar kiliani test

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Volatile oils white
precipitate

Carbohydrates dull violet

Molisch’s
color at the
Benedict’s test interphase of
Fehling’s Test the two layers

phenolic
acid/polyphenols
ferric chloride test solution blue
color

proteins and -------------------

amino acids
Xanthoproteic test
Biuret test

Anthocyanin ----------------

Saponin stable foam

which
Forthing test
persisted for
about 10
minutes

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 carbohydrate

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 Physical and Mechanical Characterization of
Treated Textile materials Perklin FTIR Nicolet 410

 FTIR (ASTM E168, ASTM E1252),

 TGA (ASTM E1131, ISO 11358),
 Stiffness (bending length) (ASTM test method 1388-96, 2002),
 Air permeability (ASTM D737),
 Tensile strength (ASTM D5035),
 Surface smoothness,
 Wettability (ASTM D5725-99, 2008), and
 Thickness (ASTM D1777-96(2019)).
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 Finishing Application of Extract on Textile Materials
 Woven cotton
With size of 10x5 cm depending
Fabric  nonwoven on size of the wounds.
Plant extract
 bandage fabrics immersed in solution of
citric acid

for 1hr at room temperature and stirred well for 30minutes with
the liquor to material ratio 1:5 for pad-dry methods
Various concentration Citric acid concentration
of plant extract with
5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%w/v 5g/l, 10g/l, 15g/l and 20g/l.

treated
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samples were going to be squeezed by padding mangle and air dried.
35

3.5. Finishing application
 Apply on fabric which is half
bleached or/and mercerized
 Pad-dry method
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3.4. Study wound healing effect of treated
fabric
I. Identify the wound bacteria and Fungi which is
Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and
streptococci) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Escherichia coli)
II. Develop target bacteria at APHI laboratory
III. Apply the extracted healing agent on Fabric
IV. Record the effect at different concentration, time
and temperature
V. Select the optimum recipe concentration
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 Assessment of antimicrobial activity (AATCC 147)

The taste will be recorded according to AATCC 147 (Parallel streak method)
against the test bacterial culture.
treated samples will cut into rectangular strips of 2.5cm x 5cm.

inoculate with sterile nutrient broth to retrieve a log phase

culture which was used to determine the zone of inhibition.

Sterile AATCC 147 bacteriostasis agar will dispensed

in sterile petri dishes.
 six parallel inoculum streaks 40mm in length and spaced 15mm covering the
central area of petri dish. The antimicrobial activity of fabrics will assessed
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the diameter of the zone of inhibition in comparison to the control fabric.
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 Result and Discussion: FTIR

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 4.1 Benefits
 Provides broad range of antimicrobial activity
 Reduces/prevents infection
 Easy way treatment of wounds
 Provides anti-inflammatory effect
 Controls external contamination of the wounds

4.2. Beneficiaries
 Peoples those exposed to the injury of open
wound which may have different level of risk.
 Hospitals and rural area clinics
04/01/2021  Institute staff’s Researchers 39
 5. Progress status of the Research

Activities Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
Apply on fabric
Antimicrobial analysis
Study wound healing effect of
treated fabric
Test the basic fabric properties
Final report writing and
presentation

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 6. Reference
1) Lawrence, J.C., 1994. Dressings and wound infection.. American Journal of Surgery, 167(1A), pp. 21-24.
2) S. Gordon, Y-L.Hsieh, 2007. Cotton: Science and technology. 1st ed. cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing in
Textiles.
3) Shahzad Ather,K.G. Harding, n.d. Antimicrobial dressings. In: S. Tate, ed. Wound management and dressings. United
Kingdom: Cardiff University, p. 16.
4) Shai, A., Maibach, H.I., 2005. Wound Healing and Ulcers of the Skin. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer.
5) C.E. Attinger, J.E. Janis, Preface to current concepts in wound healing: update 2011, Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 127 (Suppl. 1)
(2011) 7S–9S.
6) C.E. Attinger, et al., Clinical approach to wounds: debridement and wound bed preparation including the use of
dressings and wound-healing adjuvants, Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 117 (7 Suppl.) (2006) 72S–109S.
7) N.J. Percival, Classifcation of wounds and their management, Surg. Oxf. Int. Ed. 20 (5) (2002) 114–117.
8) B.P. Simmons, Guideline for prevention of surgical wound infections, Infect. Control 3 (2) (1982) 187–196.
9) A.M. Quain, N.M. Khardori, Nutrition in wound care management: a comprehensive overview, Wounds 27 (12) (2015)
327–335.
10) C.R. Kruse, et al., The effect of local hyperglycemia on skin cells in vitro and on wound healing in euglycemic rats, J. Surg.
Res. 206 (2) (2016) 418–426.
11) W.H. Eaglstein, P.M. Mertz, “Inert” vehicles do affect wound healing, J. Investig. Dermatol. 74 (2) (1980) 90–91.
12) G.S. Schultz, et al., Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management, Wound Repair Regen. 11
(2003) S1–S28.
13) G.D. Winter, Effect of air exposure and occlusion on experimental human skin wounds, Nature (200) (1963) 378–379.
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14) R.L. Harries, D.C. Bosanquet, K.G. Harding, Wound bed preparation: TIME for an update, Int. Wound J. 13 (S3) (2016)41 8
Thank
you!
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