Language Variation

Languages
Societies can obviously exist without language, as
witness the social organizations of carpenter ants,
honey bees and great apes. But, languages cannot
exist without societies. Language is quitessentially
social, and throughout recorded hiatory, normal
human being s have shown unbounded capabilities
for social intercourse, conversational interaction,
repartee, self-expression, and tale-telling, both real
and imagined, all governed by intricate sets of
conventions normally beneath conciousness.
 Languages variation
Language variation caused by interaction
activity between people who are diverse. In
terms of language variation thare are two
views. First, the variation of the language for
their social diversity and the diversity of
speakers of the language function. Second,
the existing language variations to fulfill its
function as a means of interaction in diverse
community activities.
 Language variation from The Speaker
a. Language variation idioiek
Every person has their own language.
b. Language variation dialect
A group of speaker in comparatively, and there are in
certain areas. For example : javanese language,
banyumasan, and etc.
c. Language variation kronolek or temporal dialect
Language variation used by a group of people at a
particular time. For example, Indonesian in 1930 is
different with 1950, 1980, and now.
 Language variation from the Speaker

d. Language variation relating to the status,

class, and social class of the speakers.
e. Language variation based on age
Language variation based on age is variation
of the language used by this age level. For
example, variations in the language of
children will different with the variations in
adolescents or adults.
Language Variation from the User
Variations of these languages ​are used by the
field. For example, the fields of literature,
journalism, agriculture, military, medical, and
etc.
 Language Variation of formality
According to Martin Joos, language variation is
divided into five kinds
a. Frozen : used when the sermon and official
ceremonies.
b. Formal : Language variation used in the
official speech, official meetings, lectures,
textbooks.
c. Consultative : variations prevalent languages ​
regular talks at schools, meetings, or talk-
oriented results or production.
 Language Variation of formality
d. Casual : variations of the language used in
informal situations to chat with family or
friends at the time of rest, recreation, etc.
Variety is widely used allegro form, which is a
shortened form of speech.
e. Intimate : Variations in the language used by
people who are already familiar with each
other. For example : family, best friend, and
etc
 Refrences
1. The Handbook of Language Variation and
Change, second edition (J. K. Chambers and
Natalie Schilling)
2.http://www.academia.edu/6910304/VARIASI_
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