IQBAL’S VISION OF

PAKISTAN

 A PHILOSOPHICAL AND POLITICAL

STUDY
 A PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY
 HIS VISIT TO EUROPE WAS A TURNING POINT
OF HIS THOUGHTS
• IQBAL IN THE EARLY YEARS OF HIS LIFE STOOD FOR COMPOSITE INDIAN
NATIONALISM. HIS URDU POETRY BEFORE 1906 AND SPECIFICALLY POEMS SUCH
AS ‘THE NEW TEMPLE’ AND ‘THE INDIAN ANTHEM’ BEAR AMPLE TESTIMONY TO
THIS FACT. HIS VISIT TO EUROPE WAS A TURNING POINT AND HIS THOUGHTS
ALTERED FROM COMPOSITE INDIAN NATIONALISM TO MUSLIM NATIONALISM.
IQBAL VISITED EUROPE IN 1905 AND RETURNED TO INDIA IN 1908. DURING THIS
PERIOD IQBAL ACQUIRED LAW DEGREE AT LINCOLN’S INN, A BACHELOR OF ARTS
AT CAMBRIDGE AND A DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT MUNICH UNIVERSITY.
 IQBAL CONCEPT OF MUSLIM NATIONALISM

• AFTER HIS RETURN TO EUROPE IQBAL’S ABANDONED THE CONCEPT OF

COMPOSITE INDIAN NATIONALISM AND ADOPTED MUSLIM NATIONALISM. HE
ALSO CARVED OUT HIS VIEWS ON ISLAMIC UNIVERSALISM. HE BELIEVED THAT
EUROPEAN CONCEPT OF NATIONALISM CANNOT BE APPLIED TO INDIA. HE
ASSERTED THAT ACCORDING TO EUROPEAN NOTION INDIA IS NOT A LAND WITH
ONE NATION. BECAUSE TWO MAJOR COMMUNITIES LIVING IN INDIA I.E. HINDUS
AND MUSLIMS DO NOT SHARE COMMON LANGUAGE, COMMON CULTURE,
COMMON HISTORY WHICH IS THE BASIS OF NATIONALISM. RATHER MUSLIMS
POSSES SEPARATE IDENTITY WITH THEIR OWN RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL
VALUES. THESE VIEWS WERE EXPRESSED IN HIS POEM ‘THE ANTHEM OF THE
ISLAMIC COMMUNITY
THE ANTHEM OF THE ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

• CENTRAL ASIA  IS OURS, ARABIA IS OURS, INDIA IS OURS

• WE ARE MUSLIMS AND THE WHOLE WORLD IS OURS
• THE TREASURE OF TAWHID IS IN OUR HEARTS,
• IT IS NOT EASY TO WIPE OUT OUR NAME AND MARK.
• THE FIRST HOUSE WE HAVE LIBERATED FROM IDOLS IS THE KA'ABAH;
• WE ARE ITS CUSTODIANS, AND IT IS OUR PROTECTOR
• WE HAVE GROWN UP IN THE SHADOWS OF SWORDS,
• OUR MASCOT IS THE CRESCENT SHAPED DAGGER
• OUR PRAYER CALLS HAVE REVERBERATED IN THE VALLEYS OF THE WEST,
• THE FORCE OF OUR FLOW COULD NOT BE STOPPED BY ANYONE
• O THE SKIES! WE WILL NOT BE SUBDUED BY FALSEHOOD,
• YOU HAVE TRIED (OUR STEADFASTENESS) A HUNDRED TIMES!
O, THE GARDEN OF ANDALUSIA! DO YOU REMEMBER THOSE DAYS -
WHEN OUR ABODE WAS THE NEST ON YOUR BRANCHES
O, THE WAVES OF TIGRIS! SURELY, YOU RECOGNIZE US -
YOUR RIVER TELLS OUR TALES EVEN TO THIS DAY
O, THE PURE SOIL OF MAKKAH ! WE HAVE BLED AND DIED FOR YOUR HONOR,
OUR BLOOD FLOWS IN YOUR VEINS UNTIL NOW
THE LEADER OF OUR CARAVAN, IS THE PRINCE OF HIJAZ (MUHAMMAD )
IT IS HIS NAME THAT KEEPS OUR HEART IN COMFORT AND PEACE.
IQBAL'S SONG IS A CLARION CALL
FOR THE CARAVAN TO RISE AND CONTINUE THE JOURNEY ONCE MORE
‫مسلم ہیں ہم‪ ،‬وطن ہے سارا جہاں ہمارا‬ ‫چین و عرب ہمارا‪ ،‬ہندوستان ہمارا‬

‫آساں نہیں مٹانا‪ ،‬نام و نشاں ہمارا‬ ‫توحید کی امانت‪ ،‬سینوں میں ہے ہمارے‬

‫ہم اس کے پاسباں ہیں‪ ،‬وہ پاسباں ہمارا‬ ‫دنیا کے بتکدوں میں‪ ،‬پہال وہ گھر خدا کا‬

‫خنجر ہالل کا ہے‪ ،‬قومی نشاں ہمارا‬ ‫تیغوں کے سایے میں ہم‪ ،‬پل کر جواں ہوئے ہیں‬

‫سیلرواں ہمارا‬
‫ِ‬ ‫تھمتا نہ تھا کسی سے‪،‬‬ ‫مغرب کی وادیوں میں‪ ،‬گونجی اذاں ہماری‬

‫سو بار کر چکا ہے‪ ،‬تو امتحاں ہمارا‬ ‫باطل سے دبنے والے‪ ،‬اے آسماں نہیں ہم‬

‫تھا تیری ڈالیوں میں‪ ،‬جب آشیاں ہمارا‬ ‫گلستاناندل ُس! وہ دن ہیں یاد تجھ کو‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اے‬

‫اب تک ہے تیرا دریا‪ ،‬افسانہ خواں ہمارا‬ ‫موجدجلہ‪ ،‬تو بھی پہچانتی ہے ہم کو‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اے‬

‫ہے خوں تری رگوں میں‪ ،‬اب تک رواں ہمارا‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ارضپاک تیری‪ ،‬حرمت پہ کٹ مرے ہم‬ ‫اے‬

‫اس نام سے ہے باقی‪ ،‬آرا ِم جاں ہمارا‬ ‫میر حجاز اپنا‬

‫ساالر کارواں ہے‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ہوتا ہے جادہ پیما‪ ،‬پھر کارواں ہمارا‬ ‫ِ‬

‫بانگدرا ہے گویا‬ ‫اقباؔل کا ترانہ‪،‬‬
 IQBAL REASONED THAT MISSION OF ISLAM
WAS TO DEMOLISH IDOLATRY
• TO IQBAL TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM AND ISLAM WERE CONTRADICTORY AND IRRECONCILABLE.
IQBAL REASONED THAT MISSION OF ISLAM WAS TO DEMOLISH IDOLATRY, IT COULD NOT APPROVE
OF PATRIOTISM (BORN OUT OF NATIONALISM), WHICH WAS NOTHING BUT “A SUBTLE FORM OF
IDOLATRY” HE WROTE A POEM ‘TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM 'AND IN ONE ITS COUPLET SAID:
• COUNTRY IS THE SUPREME AMONG ALL THE CONTEMPORARY IDOLS.
• ITS CLOAK IS THE SHROUD OF ISLAM.
• TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM CREATES DIVISION IN THE MUSLIMS COMMUNITY. HE SAID THAT:
• GOD’S CREATION IS DIVIDED INTO NATIONS BY TERRITORIAL NATIONALISM.
• THE ROOTS OF ISLAMIC NATIONALITY ARE DESTROYED BY IT.