The Process of Communication

The The The

Source/ The Message The Message Receiver/
Chanel Decoder
Encoder
 TEACHING
SPEAKING
“it is the process of building and sharing
meaning through the use of verbal and non-
verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts“
(Chaney, 1998, p. 13).
 THREE AREAS OF
KNOWLEDGE

Mechanics

Functions

Social and
cultural rules and norms
 THREE REASONS OF
SPEAKING
(Richards 2008)
Interaction

Transaction

Performance
ROLE OF TEACHERS
To provide authentic practices that may
prepare students for real-life communication
with grammatically correct, and logically
connected sentences.
Goals and Techniques in
Teaching Speaking
GOALS IN TEACHING
SPEAKING

Communicative
Competency
BALANCED ACTIVITIES APPROACH

Language Input

Structured Output

Communicative Output
 STRATEGIES FOR
DEVELOPING SPEAKING
SKILLS
USING MINIMAL RESPONSES
RECOGNIZING SCRIPTS
 USING LANGUAGE TO
TALK ABOUT LANGUAGE
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
 STRUCTURED OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
Information Gap Activities

Jigsaw Activities
COMMUNICATIVE OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
Basic Types of Assessment Task
in Speaking
IMITATI
VE
Parroting
INTERACTIVE
TASK
To maintain the speaking task

It includes tasks that involve long

stretches of interactive discourses of
language
EXTENSIVE
TASK
To elaborate

It involves complex, relative, lengthy stretches

of discourse by doing oral presentations that
allow students to use what they learned.
RESPONSIVE
TASK
To give feedback

It involves brief interactions which

helps the teacher realize student’s
ability to participate in discussions
INTENSIVE
TASK
It involves cued task to elicit oral
language performance by producing
short stretches of language
 Activities to
Promote Speaking
1. Discussion 7. Interviews
2. Role Play 8. Story Completion
3. Simulations 9. Reporting
4. Information Gap 10.Picture Narrating
5. Brainstorming 11.Picture Describing
6. Storytelling 12.Find the Difference
13.Playing Cards