Lower limb

The lower limb located inferiorly

Functions are carry weight, supporting, locomotion

Gluteal region
Buttock is bounded by:
• Superiorly iliac crest
• Inferiorly by the fold of
the buttock
• This region is formed by the
gluteal muscles and thick layer of
superficial fascia
• Intergluteal cleft separated the
buttock from each other
Gluteal region (Buttocks)
Is the part of lower limb which
located between iliac crest
superiorly and gluteal fold inferiorly

Fascia of the gluteal region

• The superficial fascia is thick,
especially in women
• The deep fascia is continuous
below with the deep fascia, or
fascia lata, of the thigh.
In the gluteal region, it splits to
enclose the gluteus maximus
Muscle`
Iliotibial tract
• Is a thick lateral portion of the fascia lata.
• Provides insertion for the gluteus maximus and tensor
fasciae latae muscles.
• Helps form the fibrous capsule of the knee joint and is
important in maintaining posture and locomotion.

The gluteal region

• he muscles of the gluteal region can be broadly divided
into two groups:
• Superficial abductors and extenders – A group of large
muscles that abduct and extend the femur.
• It includes the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus
minimus and tensor fascia lata.
• Deep lateral rotators – A group of smaller muscles, that
mainly act to laterally rotate the femur.
• It includes the quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus
superior, gemellus inferior and obturator internus.
Muscles of the buttock
• Two groups of muscles in
gluteal region
A- Superficial which
includes
1. Gluteus maximus,
medius and minimus
2. Also tensor fascia lata
B- Deep Group muscles
are
1. Piriformis
2. Obturator internus
3. Gemellus superior and
inferior
4. Qadratus femoris
Gluteus Maximus The Posterior group (Gluteal
The gluteus Maximus muscle is
located in the buttocks and is
regarded as one of the strongest
muscles in the human body. It is
connected to the coccyx, or tailbone,
as well as other surrounding bones.
The gluteus Maximus muscle is
responsible for movement of the hip
and thigh.
Origin :iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx,
aponeurosis of sacrospinalis
Insertion : iliotibial tract of fasiae
lata and greater trochanter of femur
Nerve : inferior gluteal nerve
Action :Extends & laterally rotates
thigh through illiotibial tract it
extends knee joint
 Gluteus medius
● The gluteus medius, one of the
three gluteal muscles, is a broad,
thick, radiating muscle. It is
situated on the outer surface of
the pelvis.
● Its posterior third is covered by
the gluteus maximus, its anterior
two-thirds by the gluteal
aponeurosis, which separates it
from the superficial fascia and
integument.
Origin :outer surface of illium
Insertion : greater trochanter of
femur
Nerve: superior gluteal nerve
Action : Abducts thigh at hip joint
and medially rotates thigh
 Gluteus minimus
• The gluteus minimus is one of
the secondary muscles that can
produce hip extension. This
muscle is located deep and
somewhat anterior to (in front
of) the gluteus medius. It is a
broad and triangular muscle.
Origin :gluteal surface of Ilium
Insertion : greater trochanter of
femur
Nerve: superior gluteal nerve
Action : abducts thigh . Anterior
fibers medially rotate thigh
• The tensor fasciae
Tensor fascilae latae
latae (or tensor fasciæ latæ or,
formerly, tensor vaginae femoris)
is a muscle of the thigh. Together
with the gluteus Maximus, it acts
on the iliotibial band and is
continuous with the iliotibial tract
, which attaches to the tibia.
Origin :iliac crest
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Nerve: superior gluteal nerve
Action : help in Flexes, abducts and
medial rotation thigh at hip joint
Origin : anterior surface
of sacrum.
Insertion : superior
piriformis
border of greater
trochanter of Femur
Nerve supply : sacral
spinal nerves S1 or S2
Action: Laterally rotates
the extended femur and
hip joint, abducts flexed
femur
at hip joint.
 internal obturator
• The internal obturator muscle or obturator
internus muscle originates on the medial
surface of the obturator membrane, the
ischium near the membrane, and the rim of
the pubis. It exits the pelvic cavity through the
lesser sciatic foramen.