REVIEW:ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING

SUMMARY OF THE STEPS OF THE ETHICAL

DECISION MAKING PROCESS
1. Gather the facts
2. Define the ethical issues
3. Identify the affected parties (stakeholders)
4. Identify the consequences
5. Identify the obligations (principles, rights, justice)
6. Consider your character and integrity

https://research.ku.edu/sites/research.ku.edu/files/docs/EESE_EthicalDecisionmakingFra
mework.pdf
 ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING
SUMMARY OF THE STEPS OF THE ETHICAL
DECISION MAKING PROCESS

7. Think creatively about potential actions

8. Check your gut
9. Decide on the proper ethical action and be prepared to
deal with opposing arguments.

https://research.ku.edu/sites/research.ku.edu/files/docs/EESE_EthicalDecisionmakingFra
mework.pdf
 REVIEW- CASE STUDIES

Analyze:
1. At the height of COVID 19, Filipino Nurses were
prevented by the President of the Philippines to go
to other countries for employment. Did the
President commit an unethical decision? Explain.
 CASE STUDIES

2. You care for your friend very much since you had
been together for almost 10 years. You found out
that your friend is violating company policy and
fairness toward the company and it requires that
such violations be reported. If you do, your friend will
lose her/his job and you will lose a friend. Which
demand should be satisfied: the demands of caring
partiality or the demands of impartial morality?
 PRESENTATION OF OUTPUT

Step 1: Present your answer to the question

Step 2: State your reasons by providing bases for
your analysis
Step 3: If you were to make the decision, what would
it be? Show that you have followed the steps in
ethical decision-making.
 Institute of Education, Arts & Sciences

CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
 MEANING

• From the European point of view, Corporate

Social Responsibility (CSR) is approached as a
social development issue.
• CSR is linked to governance and sustainability
 MEANING

• CSR is a concept whereby companies integrate

social and environmental concerns in their
business operations and in their interaction with
stake holders on a voluntary basis.
MEANING
 GOVERNANCE

• “Governance"means: the process of decision-

making and the process by which decisions are
implemented (or not implemented).
 GOVERNANCE

• It assures that corruption is minimized, the views of

minorities are taken into account and that the voices of
the most vulnerable in society are heard in decision-
making.
• It is also responsive to the present and future needs of
society.
 GOVERNANCE

• Good governance has 8 major characteristics:

1. It is participatory
2. Consensus oriented,
3. Accountable,
4. Transparent,
5. Responsive
6. Effective and efficient
7. Equitable and inclusive
8. Follows the rule of law.
 GOVERNANCE

8 Principles of Good Governance By United Nations

Good Governance (drishtiias.com)

 GOVERNANCE

Participation:
• People should be able to voice their own opinions
through legitimate immediate organizations or
representatives.
• This includes men and women, vulnerable sections
of society, backward classes, minorities, etc.
• Participation also implies freedom of association
and expression.
Good Governance (drishtiias.com)
 GOVERNANCE

Rule of Law:
Legal framework should be enforced impartially, especially
on human rights laws.
This is the opposite of the principle “the strong will prevail
over the weak”.

Good Governance (drishtiias.com)

 GOVERNANCE

Consensus Oriented:

• Consensus oriented decision-making ensures that

even if everyone does not achieve what they want to
the fullest, a common minimum can be achieved by
everyone which will not be detrimental to anyone.
• It mediates differing interests to meet the broad
consensus on the best interests of a community.
Good Governance (drishtiias.com)
 GOVERNANCE

Equity and Inclusiveness:

Good governance assures an equitable society.
People should have opportunities to improve or maintain
their well-being.

Good Governance (drishtiias.com)

 GOVERNANCE

Effectiveness and Efficiency:

Processes and institutions should be able to produce
results that meet the needs of their community.
Resources of the community should be used effectively for
the maximum output.

Good Governance (drishtiias.com)

 GOVERNANCE

Accountability:

Good governance aims towards betterment of people, and this

can not take place without the government being accountable
to the people.
Governmental institutions, private sectors, and civil society
organizations should be held accountable to the public and
institutional stakeholders.

Good Governance (drishtiias.com)

 GOVERNANCE

Transparency:
Information should be accessible to the public and should be
understandable and monitored.
It also means free media and access of information to them.

Good Governance (drishtiias.com)

 GOVERNANCE

Responsiveness:
Institutions and processes should serve all stakeholders in a
reasonable period of time.

Good Governance (drishtiias.com)

 SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability means “to meet the needs of the

present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs”.
CSR REPORT
CSR REPORT
 CSR REPORT

2020 Environmental Sustainability Report (microsoft.com)

 CSR REPORT

2020 Environmental Sustainability Report (microsoft.com)

 TASK

Research:
1.Latest CSR Report on companies in the country and
abroad.
2.If you were to set up your own company, plan for your
company’s CSR program.
 Name your company and your company’s objective
 Discuss your CSR