Unit 5 – The Mole

What is the Mole?

Molar Mass

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How do we measure items?
 You can measure mass,
 or volume
 or you can count pieces.
 We measure mass in grams.
 We measure volume in liters.
 We count pieces in
MOLES.
What is the mole?

We’re not talking about this

kind of mole!
A. What is the Mole?

 A counting number (like a dozen)

 Avogadro’s number
 1 mol = 6.02  1023 items

A large amount!!!!
Similar Words for an amount
 Pair: 1 pair of shoelaces
= 2 shoelaces
 Dozen: 1 dozen oranges
= 12 oranges
 Gross: 1 gross of pencils
= 144 pencils
 Ream: 1 ream of paper
= 500 sheets of paper
 Practice…
 If I have 1 mole of marshmallows, how
many do I have?

6.02 X 1023 Marshmallows

 If I have 2 moles of jelly beans, how many
do I have?

2 moles 6.02 x 1023 jelly beans = 1.2 x 1024 jelly

1 mole 23 beans
 If I have 6.02 x 10 pennies, how many do I
have?

1 mole of pennies
A. What is the Mole?

 1 mole of hockey pucks would

equal the mass of the moon!

 1 mole of basketballs would fill a

bag the size of the earth!

 1 mole of pennies would cover

the Earth 1/4 mile deep!
Why do we need the mole?
 The mole is used as a mass
comparison for any element in the
periodic table.

 We can compare the mass in grams

of any two elements only if they
contain the same number of atoms.

 Remember 1 dozen Golf balls vs. 1 dozen marbles

Why 6.02 x 1023 ?
 Where did this number come from?
 This is the number of atoms in exactly
12.0 grams of Carbon-12.
 This is the standard for the mole!
 It is a very large number, because
atoms are so small!
 Atomic Mass = the mass of
one atom of any element in
atomic mass units (amu).
 Molar Mass – the mass in

grams of one mole of atoms

or molecules.
 1 Sodium atom weighs – 23 amu’s
 1 mole of Na atoms weighs –
23 grams
Molar Mass Examples

 carbon 12.01 g/mol

 sulfur 32.07 g/mol

 Copper 63.55 g/mol

 Molar Mass
 Molar mass is the generic term for
the mass of one mole of any
substance
 (expressed in grams/mol)
 The same as:
 1) Gram Molecular Mass (for molecules)
2) Gram Formula Mass (ionic
compounds)
 3) Gram Atomic Mass (for elements)
 molar mass is just a much broader term
than these other specific masses
Calculating Molar Mass for Compounds
Molarmass is determined by the adding the
weights of all the atoms in a compound.

Calculate the formula mass of magnesium

carbonate, MgCO3.

24.3 g + 84.3 g
12 g + 3 x (16.00 g) =
Thus, 84.3 grams is the formula mass
for MgCO3.
Compound Molar Mass Examples

 water
 H2O
 2(1.01) + 16.00 = 18.02 g/mol

 sodium chloride
 NaCl
 22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44 g/mol
Molar Mass Examples

 sodium bicarbonate
 NaHCO3
 22.99 + 1.01 + 12.01 + 3(16.00)
= 84.01 g/mol
 sucrose
 C12H22O11
 12(12.01) + 22(1.01) + 11(16.00)
= 342.34 g/mol