MIDTERM

TOPIC NO. 1
CYLINDER ASSEMBLY
 CYLINDER
• Is a reciprocating engine component which acts as the
combustion chamber of the engine. It is where the
chemical heat energy of the fuel is converted to
mechanical energy and transmits it through the piston
and connecting rods to rotate the crankshaft and
propeller.

• It also houses the piston and valves.

 CYLINDER
• A typical air-cooled engine cylinder consists of a
cylinder head, barrel, mounting flange, skirt, cool­ing
fins, and valve assembly.
PARTS OF CYLINDER

Cylinder HEAD

Cooling Fins

Cylinder FLANGE
Cylinder SKIRT
 PARTS OF CYLINDER

Cylinder Barrel
• Part of the cylinder where the piston moves. It is made up of chrome
molybdenum or chrome nickel molybdenum which is a high strength
steel alloy designed to withstand pressures and temperatures during
engine operation.

Cylinder Head
• Part of the cylinder where the combustion of fuel/air mixture takes
place. It encloses the fuel/air mixture needed to power the engine. It also
provides the mounting for intake and exhaust valves, valve guides,
rocker arms, valve springs, and spark plugs. It is usually made up of
aluminum alloy to provide maximum strength combined with its light
weight.
 PARTS OF CYLINDER

Cooling Fins
• Thins metals extended outward of the cylinder walls designed to carry
heat from the cylinder walls into the air flowing to the cooling fins.
When air flows through the cooling fins, it absorbs heat and carries it
away into the atmosphere.

Cylinder Flange
• A heavy flange machined around the base of the cylinder. Holes are drilled
around the flange so that the cylinder can be mounted on the studs of the
crankcase.
 PARTS OF CYLINDER

Cylinder Skirt
• Part of the cylinder barrel extended to the crankcase.

Intake Port
• Part of the cylinder where the intake pipe is installed and where the fuel/air
mixture passes as it enters the cylinder.

Exhaust Port
• Part of the cylinder where the exhaust pipe is installed and where the exhaust
and burned gases pass as it goes out of the atmosphere.
 ASSEMBLY

Rocker Arm
• A pivoted arm in the cylinder head which pushes the intake and exhaust
valve off its seat.
 ASSEMBLY

Valve Spring
• Steel wire springs that forces intake and exhaust valve to close.

Push Rod
• A rod or tube that used to open the intake and exhaust valves. One of
the end is connected to the tappet and the other end is connected to the
rocker arm.
 ASSEMBLY

Intake Valve
• The valve in the cylinder head of a reciprocating engine through which
the fuel/air mixture passes as it enters the combustion chamber of the
cylinder. Intake valves operate at lower temperatures than exhaust
valves because they are cooled by fuel/air mixture. Intake valves are
usually made of chrome-nickel tungsten or steel alloy.

• Intake valves have a larger head but thinner stem.

 ASSEMBLY

Exhaust Valve
• The valve in the cylinder head of a reciprocating engine through which
the burned gases pass as they leave the cylinder. Exhaust valves operate
at high temperatures and they do not receive the cooling effect of the
fuel/air mixture

• Exhaust valves have a larger and hollow stems filling the head with
metallic sodium to dissipate heat rapidly to the cylinder head. Exhaust
valves are usually made up of silicon-chromium or cobalt chromium
alloys
 ASSEMBLY

Valve Spring Retainer/Spring Seat

• Located in the upper and lower part of the valve springs and hold the valve springs in proper
position

Valve Key
• Locks the valve spring retainer to the valve stem.

Valve Seat
• A hardened ring of steel or bronze embedded into the cast aluminum alloy of the cylinder
head to provide proper seating of the valve.

Valve Guide
• A bronze or cast iron sleeves installed in the cylinder head where the valves ride up and
down and hold them in the exact center of the valve seats.