Spontaneous

Miscarriage
 Definition:

Incomplete Miscarriage is a part of the conceptus (usually the fetus) is

expelled, but the membranes or placenta are retained in the
uterus.Incomplete can be a confusing term for women. They may
interpret it as indicating that because the abortion is only partial, the
pregnancy can continue.
In an incomplete abortion, there is a danger of maternal hemorrhage as
long as part of the conceptus is retained in the uterus, because the uterus
cannot contract effectively in this state.
Treatment/management
Treatment/management

Dilatation and Curettage

Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a procedure to remove tissue from inside
the uterus. Doctors perform dilation and curettage to diagnose and treat
certain uterine conditions — such as heavy bleeding — or to clear the
uterine lining after a miscarriage or abortion. The doctor uses small
instruments or a medication to open (dilate) thecervix — the lower, narrow
part of the uterus. the doctor then uses a surgical instrument called a curette
to remove uterine tissue. Curettes used in a D&C can be sharp or use
suction.
(if pregnancy is over 14 weeks AOG, D & C are no longer possible)
Treatment/management

Ultrasonography
is helpful in the diagnosis of spontaneous abortion, but other testing may be needed if an
ectopic pregnancy cannot be ruled out. Chromosomal abnormalities are causative in
approximately 50 percent of spontaneous abortions; multiple other factors also may play a
role. Traditional treatment consisting of surgical evacuation of the uterus remains the
treatment of choice in unstable patients. Recent studies suggest that expectant or medical
management is appropriate in selected patients. Patients with a completed spontaneous
abortion rarely require medical or surgical intervention. For women with incomplete
spontaneous abortion, expectant management for up to two weeks usually is successful,
and medical therapy provides little additional benefit.
Treatment/management

Misoprostol 600 mcg

A single dose of 600 mcg oral misoprostol has been shown to be as
effective as manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) in the management of
incomplete miscarriage with complete evacuation rates of 95–99% after
1–2 weeks of follow‐up. It is also more acceptable to women than
MVA. The use of double doses of oral 600 mcg misoprostol increases
the rate of side effects without clinical benefits. Misoprostol has recently
been added to the WHO model essential drugs list for this indication.
The recommended regimen is a single dose of 600 mcg oral
misoprostol for women with a uterine size equivalent to 12 weeks or
less.The single dose should be given between 1 and 2 weeks to work.
 Common Causes:

Abnormal fetal development (teratogenic factor or chromosomal

aberration)
Abnormal implantation
Alcohol intake
Urinary tract infection
Systemic infections (rubella, syphilis, poliomyelitis,
cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis)
 Symptoms

Most miscarriages occur during the first few months of pregnancy.

An estimated 85percent of miscarriages happen before week 12. A
woman may have a miscarriage before she knows she is pregnant.
These are the common warning signs to be aware of:
The main sign of miscarriage is vaginal spotting or bleeding, which
can vary from slight brownish discharge to very heavy bleeding.
Other symptoms include:
Heavy spotting
Vaginal bleeding
Discharge of tissue or fluid from the vagina
Severe abdominal pain or cramping
Mild to severe back pain
 Prevention:

A few simple lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of miscarriage:

Avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, and using illicit drugs during pregnancy.
Stopping smoking will help both you and your baby immediately. Harmful gases, such as
carbon monoxide, and other damaging chemicals will clear from your body.
When you drink, alcohol passes from your blood through the placenta and to your baby. A baby's
liver is one of the last organs to develop and does not mature until the later stages of pregnancy.
Eat a healthful diet.
Eating healthily during pregnancy will help your baby to develop and grow.
Maintain a healthy weight before and during pregnancy.
Being overweight, obese, or underweight may increase your risk for complications during
pregnancies
 Prevention

Be careful to avoid certain infections, such as German measles (rubella).

Wash your hands frequently. This can help you avoid illnesses like the flu and pneumonia,
which are easily spread.
Getting regular exercise and getting adequate sleep
Maintaining a regular exercise routine throughout your pregnancy can help you stay
healthy and feel your best. Regular exercise during pregnancy can improve your posture
and decrease some common discomforts such as backaches and fatigue. There is evidence
that physical activity may prevent gestational diabetes (diabetes that develops during
pregnancy), relieve stress, and build more stamina needed for labor and delivery.
The amount of sleep you get while you're pregnant not only affects you and your baby, but
could impact your labor and delivery as
Thank You!
BY: BSN2D Group 3-A

Genada, Cheska
Geniega, Diane Mariz
Grabato, Kristina Kate
Hermitano, Jhella Masheil
Jance, Giosyl