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Plant
Under the guidance of
Internal guide name:
External guide name:
By
M.Srikar(11C91A0361)
V.Saikumar(11C91A03A8)
M.Vinaykumar(11C91A0365)
MD.Shareef(11C91A0371)
T.Suresh(09C91A0326)
AIM of the Project
• A thermal or steam power plant basically works on
Rankine cycle i.e. here heat is converted into work. This
cycle generates about 90% of all electric power used
throughout the world. The two most common heating
processes used in these power plants are nuclear fission
and the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas,
and oil. The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a
practical Carnot cycle because, when an efficient turbine is
used, the TS diagram (Temperature entropy diagram)
begins to resemble the Carnot cycle. The main difference
is that heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the
condenser) are isobaric in the Rankine cycle and
isothermal in the theoretical Carnot cycle.
• Water can be heated by any external mean
(nuclear fission or combustion of coal, natural oil
or gas) and generated steam is used to rotate the
blades of the turbine. Tubes are used to carry
steam from heater to the blade of turbine.
Generated steam should not carry moisture
because moisture can damage the turbine. The
turbine is connected to the shaft of the dc
generator with a gear ratio of 5:24. When the
turbine will rotate the dc generator will generate
voltage.
• This voltage is given input to the CD4047
astable/monostabe multivibrator IC. Astable
mode is selected to generate AC voltage
with 50Hz frequency. This AC output is
connected to IRF540 n-channel power
MOSFET to amplify the voltage output.
This output is connected to step up
transformer to et 230V AC output at 50 Hz
frequency.
The major building blocks of this project
• Water Heater
• Water vessel
• Steam tube or pipe
• turbine
• DC generator
• Unidirectional Current controller (IN4007 diode)
• Rechargeable Battery
• Inverter (CD4047 IC)
• Amplifier (IRF 540 n-channel power MOSFET)
• AC load
Design of Steam power plant
Heater
Inverter
Step down Step up with Rechargeabl
Transformer Transformer Generation e Battery
part
Transmission
lines Residential load
Primary
distribution
Transformer
system Ring main
Commercial load
secondary
distribution
Transformer
Advantages of DC motor:
1. High output power relative to motor size and weight.
2. Encoder determines accuracy and resolution.
3. High efficiency. It can approach 90% at light loads.
4. High torque to inertia ratio. It can rapidly accelerate loads.
5. Has "reserve" power. 2-3 times continuous power for short
periods.
PWM
Step down
Bridge Capacitive Regulator +5V DC
230 v AC transformer
rectifier filter (7805)
(V-0-12 )
TRANSFORMER
Transformer is a electromagnetic device which
induces the voltage due to magnetic field
present between primary and secondary windings.
Step up transformer.
Step down transformer.
STEP UP TRANSFORMER STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have
more advantages.
• Make sure that the slider button is in the on position and the LED
indicator is glowing to indicate that the inverter kit is in ON
condition.
• Rechargeable battery which is connected to the kit via diode (to
make the current unidirectional) will get charged.
• IC4047 will get DC voltage from battery and it will convert it into
square wave with 50Hz frequency. (It is already selected in astable
mode so it will give square wave o/p at 10th and 11th pin)
• IRF540 (MOSFET) is working as an amplifier. Here two
MOSFETs are used to get low voltage ac from 10th and 11th pin
of IC4047. This MOSFET will convert it into 12V AC and feed it
to step up transformer.
• The step up transformer will convert 12V ac into 230V ac and feed
it to 0watt, 230V bulb. In between the bulb and the transformer
one 0.1uf,600V capacitor is placed to filter out the harmonics from
ac voltage.
• So, finally the bulb will go.
Advantages