IMPACT OF EL-NINO ON ENVIRONMENT

Prepared by: Tofique jatoi/asad

aijaz/Hussain illahi
ID:FA17-BEEE-0036
Subject:Environmental Engineering
 Introduction
• The impacts of El- Niño on climatic changes are phenomenon. The major
reason for occurrences of El- Niño are changes of trade winds.

• Evidently, El- Niño has triggered dry and wet conditions in different parts of
world. Along with that it has implications for food security of population as
crop production decreases due to emergence of droughts and floods.

• In case of Pakistan, El- Niño has negatively affected summer monsoon

rainfall. The issue of drought, floods, and rainfall are also discussed in
National Climate Change Policy of 2012. This policy highlights need for
preparation of risk mitigation plan against floods, droughts and erratic
monsoon rainfalls.
Methodology
• 1) Sample Design & Methodology

Data Sample Total Sample size: 104 (26 samples from each
selected UC)
Union Councils (4): Kak, Chitori, Kaeero, and Doulatpur
Data Methodology Simple Random Sampling Technique

• 2) Data Methodology
Survey Farmers in 4 UC’s of Mirpurkhas
Results
• Financial Access:

Bank account Access to loan Source of loan

35% 33%
30% 26% 26%
25%
20%
30% 15%
44% 10% 7%
5%
5% 2%
56%
0%
70% an
k
an
k
an
k ily ds ns
B B B am rie t io
ia
l
na
l e F F it u
c it o nc st
er a In
m Na f in ed
m ro liz
Yes No Yes No Co M
ic
ia
ec
Sp
Results
• Health Assets

Disability in household
Heath issue in family

5%
15%

Yes
No

95%
85%

Yes No
Results
• Social Participation:

Participate in Political activities Paricipation in VO activities

4% 11%
8%

Actively
12%
Sometimes
45% Actively Sometimes
Rarely
Never 31%
Rarely Never

77%
14%
Results
• Social Networking

I support friend in time of crises

7%

34%

38%

21%
Support during crises

Every time Sometimes Rarely Never

Every time Sometimes Rarely Never
Results
Own Livestock Do you pay for
forage/grazing
11%
6% 9%
36%

24%

22% 0%
91%

Purpose of livestock

Goat Sheep Cow

Yes No
Buffaloes Chicken Donkey Household Consumption Selling Both
 Results
Role of women in livestock
Activities perform by women in Women involve in livestock care
livestock caring
9%
26% Milk Processing
35% Cleaning animals &
sheds
Disease control
animal

91%
39%

Yes No
 Results
• .
Climatic changes observed
Increase in rainfall

Decrease in rainfall
1%
4%
Irregular rainfall (Change in timing)
5%

Increase in temperature

13% 28%
Decrease in temperature

More humidity
1%

Less humidity

14% Change in number of hot and cold days

7%
Change in length of growing period

Unable to accurately predict weather

2% predictions
26%
Results
• Disasters

Disaster faced in last 10 years

35%
32%

30%

25%
21%
20%

15% 15%
15%

10% 9%
7%

5%

0%
Droughts Floods Heat Stress Excessive rains Hail stroms Pest attach
Results
• Rainfall details of current year

Rainfalls in Winter season 2016 Rainfalls in summer season 2017

5% 2%
6% 19%

25% 13%
66%
64%

Above Average Normal Below Average Very dry Above Average Normal Below Average Very dry
Results
• Rainfall details of previous year

Rainfalls in winter season 2015 Rainfalls in Summer season 2016

60%

49%
50% 23%
33%
40% Normal
Below Average
30% Very dry
21%
19%
20%
11%
10%

0% 44%
Above Average Normal Below Average Very dry
 Results
• Drought details

Incidence of drought Do you face drought Affected by drought

40%
50% 46% 36%
34%
45% 35%
40%
35% 30%
30% 16%
25%
30% 25%
25%
20% 20%
14%
15%
8% 15%
10%
5% 2% 10%
0%
5%
84% 5%

0%

rd

th
s

k
op

oc

ha

al
he
cr

t
Yes No

rc
es

O
re

an
v
Li
tu

m
ul

Hu
ric
Ag
 Results (Continued)
• Flood
Outcomes of floods

Decrease in cost of watering land 9%

Increase in crop production 1%

Physical damage of settlement 11%

Prevalence of water borne disease 12%

Spread of contaminated water 12%

Shortage of food items 14%

Disease/Death of livestock 16%

Decline in crop yield 6%

Crop destroyed 18%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%

• The migration was considered as major adaptation strategy against floods. Other coping
strategies were strengthening of dikes, building embankments on crops, drainage lines are
constructed for draining water, or installation of water draining motors were major coping
strategies.
Results (Continued)
Thanks for your attention!