Polysaccharides-

Types and structural features

(By Jane Rose Faburada)
 Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides functions:
• Energy Storage
• Cellular Support
• Cellular Communication
Energy Storage - is the
capture of energy
produced at one time for
use at a later time to
reduce imbalances
between energy demand
and energy production. A
device that stores energy
is generally called an
accumulator or battery.
Cellular Support-
(cellular)-means
pertaining to, or
resembling a cell.
- Derived from,or
consisting of cells.
- Having nomerous
compartmemts or cells.
Cellular Communication -is a form
of communication technology that
enables the use of mobile phones.
A mobile phone is a bidirectional
radio that enables simultaneous
transmission and reception.
Cellular communication is based on
the geographic division of the
communication coverage area into
cells, and within cells.
Two classification of
polysaccharides:
homo-polysaccharides -is
defined to have only one
type of monosaccharide
repeating in the chain

hetero-polysaccharide -is
composed of two or more
types of
monosaccharides.
Types Of Polysaccharides, its
structures,and functions;

Glycogen: It is made up of a large chain

of molecules. Glycogen plays an
important role in keeping our muscles
fuelled for exercise. When we exercise,
our muscles will take advantage of their
stored glycogen. Glucose in our blood
and glycogen stored in the liver can also
be used to keep our muscles fuelled.
  Foods that can build glycogen

 Brown rice
 Beans
 Potatoes and sweet potatoes
 Barley
 Oatmeal
 Quinoa

Advantage and disadvantage of glycogen

Advantages:
 Maintain blood glocuse level
 Fuel reserve
Disadvantages:
 Fat stored within a cell can be toxic(if too much)
 This buildup damages organs and tissues,..
 Cellulose: The cell wall of
the plants is made up of
cellulose.

Cellulose, a tough, fibrous, and water-insoluble

polysaccharide, plays an integral role in keeping the
structure of plant cell walls stable. Cellulose chains are
arranged in microfibrils or bundles of polysaccharide that
are arranged in fibrils (bundles of microfibrils), which in
turn make up the plant cell wall.
Foods high in cellulose :Green
beans were highest in cellulose
and hemicellulose; potatoes
highest in lignin; and carrots
highest in pectin. On a wet-weight
basis, fresh apples and peaches,
fresh-cooked green beans, canned
carrots, and canned and frozen
potatoes were higher in DF and
NDF than other forms of the fruit
or vegetable.
 Advantage: provide
structure and strength
 Provides fiber (for
diets)
Disadvantage:
 drowsiness.
 mood or mental changes.
 nausea or vomiting.
 trembling.
Insulin: It is made up of a number of
fructofuranose molecules linked
together in chains.
Insulin is a peptide hormone
secreted by the β cells of the
pancreatic islets of Langerhans and
maintains normal blood glucose
levels by facilitating cellular glucose
uptake, regulating carbohydrate,
lipid and protein metabolism and
promoting cell division and growth
through its mitogenic effects.
Which foods help stabilize
insulin and blood sugar?

 Non-starchy vegetables.
 Whole-grain foods.
 Healthful fats.
 Fatty fish.
 Cacao.
 High-protein foods. Common side effects include:
 initial weight gain as the cells
Benefits:
start to take in glucose.
 Decrease the effects of symptoms of
 blood sugar that drops too low,
high blood sugar , such as fatigue
or hypoglycemia.
and frequent need to urinate.  rashes, bumps, or swelling at an
 Reduce the risk of developing
injection site.
diabetic complications.  anxiety or depression.
 Decrease pressure on the pancreas
 a cough when taking inhaled
to produce insulin.
insulin.
Starch -is a soft, white, tasteless powder that is
insoluble in cold water, alcohol, or other solvents.
Starch is a polysaccharide comprising glucose
monomers joined in α 1,4 linkages.

The main function of starch is as way to store

energy for plants. Starch is a source of sugar in an
animal's diet. Animals break down starch using
amylase, an enzyme found in saliva and the
pancreas that breaks down starch to get energy.
Some foods belong to Benifits:
 Good source of energy
starch:  Main source of range in
our diet
 Contains
fibre,calcioum,and vit.B

Side effects:
 Diets high in refined starches
are linked to a higher risk of
diabetes, heart disease and
weight gain. In addition, they
can cause blood sugar to spike
rapidly and then fall sharply.
This is especially important for
people with diabetes and
prediabetes, since their bodies
can't efficiently remove sugar
from the blood.
Summary:
Polysaccharadide-is a large molecule made of many smaller monosaccharides.
Polysaccharide function:
• Energy Storage-A device that stores energy is generally called an accumulator or
battery.
• Cellular Support-is a form of communication technology that enables the use of
mobile phones.
• Cellular Communicationis a form of communication technology that enables
the use of mobile phones.

Classifications of polysaccharide:
-hetero saccharide-composed of two or more types of monosaccharides.
-homosaccharide- defined to have only one type of monosaccharide repeating in
the chain
Types of polysaccharide:
-glycogen- It is made up of a large chain of molecules. -cellulose- the cell wall
of the plants.
-insulin- It is made up of a number of fructofuranose molecules linked
together in chains.
-starch- Starch is a source of sugar in an animal's diet.