【 GROUP - 3 】

FRAMEWORK AND PRINCIPLES BEHIND OUR MORAL

DISPOSITION
WHAT IS FRAMEWORK?
F
- a basic structure
R
underlying a system,
A
concepts or text
M
E
W
O
R An ethical framework is a
K set of codes that an
individual uses to guide his
or her behavior.
4 ETHICAL FRAMEWORK

*DEONTOLOGY

*UTILITARIANISM

*RIGHTS

*VIRTUE
DEONTOLOGY

The deontological class

of ethical theories states
that people should
adhere to their
obligations and duties
when engaged in
decision making when
ethics are in play.
Utilitarianism

Utilitarian ethical theories are based on

one’s ability to predict the
consequences of an action. To a
utilitarian, the choice that yields the
greatest benefit to the most people is
the one that is ethically correct
.
 There are two types of
utilitarianism
Act utilitarianism
Act utilitarianism subscribes precisely
to the definition of utilitarianism, a
person performs the acts that benefit
the most people, regardless of personal
feelings or the societal constraints such
as laws.
Rule utilitarianism
Rule utilitarianism takes into account
the law and is concerned with fairness.
A rule utilitarian seeks to benefit the
most people but through the fairest and
most just means available. Therefore,
added benefits of rule utilitarianism are
that it values justice and includes
beneficence at the same time.
 RIGHTS
In ethical theories based on
rights, the rights established by a
society are protected and given
the highest priority. Rights are
considered to be ethically correct
and valid since a large population
endorses them.
VIRTUE
The virtue ethical theory judges a
person by his/her character rather than
by an action that may deviate from
his/her normal behavior. It takes the
person’s morals, reputation, and
motivation into account when rating an
unusual and irregular behavior that is
considered unethical.
What is moral
principles?
- the principle that conduct
should be moral

- the principles of right and

wrong that are accepted by an
individual or a social group; "the
Puritan ethic"; "a person with old-
fashioned values" ethic, value
orientation, value-system
 5 MORAL PRINCIPLES

Autonomy Nonmaleficence

3 6
Beneficence
Justice

Fidelity
 The principle that addresses the concept
of independence. The essence of this
principle is allowing an individual the
Autonomy freedom of choice and action. It addresses
the responsibility of the counselor to
encourage clients, when appropriate, to
make their own decisions and to act on
their own values.
 This principle reflects both the
idea of not inflicting intentional
Nonmaleficence
harm, and not engaging in actions
that risk harming others.
 reflects the counselor's responsibility
Beneficence to contribute to the welfare of the
client. Simply stated it means to do
good, to be proactive and also to
prevent harm when possible.
 does not mean treating all individuals
the same. Kitchener (1984) points out
Justice that the formal meaning of justice is
"treating equals equally and unequals
unequally but in proportion to their
relevant differences"
 involves the notions of loyalty, faithfulness,
and honoring commitments. Clients must be
able to trust the counselor and have faith in
Fidelity the therapeutic relationship if growth is to
occur. Therefore, the counselor must take
care not to threaten the therapeutic
relationship nor to leave obligations
unfulfilled.
What is moral disposition?
The virtues and vices that comprise
one's moral character are typically
understood as dispositions to behave
in certain ways in certain sorts of
circumstances. For instance, an
honest person is disposed to telling
the truth when asked. These
dispositions are typically understood
as relatively stable and long-term.