“Fishing operation ”

Drilling engineering

Prepared by: Submitted to:

Gulistan Yousif Mr. Ali Ilias
Lulav Saeed.
Media Hassan.
Hallat Hamza.
Helan Sleman
Soma khalid
 1 Introduction

2 Causes of fishing job

Table Of 3 Categories of fishing jobs

Contents
4 Fishing tool

5 Time to go fishing

6 Conclusion
 1
Introduction
Definition :
Fish:-A fish is any undesirable object ; such
as , pipe ,tools, wire line ,which can not be
removed from a borehole with ordinary
practices.

Fishing:- Fishing is any action taken which

attempts to remove a fish from a borehole.
For example , lowering a magnet into the
bore hole for the purpose of removing a cone
lost from a drill bit is fishing.
 2
Introduction

Objective
This fish, or junk, may be
in the well as a result of a
broken down-hole tool,
The purpose of Fishing drill pipe, drill bit or
Services is to retrieve an object fell that has fallen
object, called a “fish” or down the well from the
.“junk” from the well .surface
 Introduction 3

The main types of accidents possible

during drilling:
1. Pieces of metal on the bit-gage falling into the
well.
2. Tubulars that fail inside the borehole: drill collars,
drill pipe.
3. Stuck drill string.
 4
Introduction
To fish or not to fish:-
There are at least three popular methods
for deciding whether
to fish or not to fish . They are

III. Estimate
of cost
II. Break -
even Charts
as a Decision
Tool
I. Fish for no
more than
two days
without
progress
 Causes of fishing job 5
Three parameters are involved in the causes of accidents:

Borehole-
related
Equipment problems
failure 
Human
error
 Step operation 6

1 2 3 4

Identify the fish Design or Use tool finally, as

and obtain select an selected to with fishing,
information on appropriate locate, latch be patient –
the size, fishing tool and retrieve trial and error
dimensions & fish &
“latch on” improvement
characteristics. is required.
 7
Categories of fishing jobs
 Many different objects can get lost or stuck in a wellbore, fish
can be divided into a few major categories.
Stuck pipe
Parted pipe
Junk
Cable and wireline tools
  Stuck pipe 8

The pipe can become stuck in the hole due to a number of

different reasons, including key seating, mechanical
sticking, differential sticking, and solids accumulation.
 Mechanical pipe sticking
 Mechanical pipe sticking:The causes of mechanical pipe
sticking are inadequate removal of drilled cuttings from the
annulus,borehole instabilities,drilled cuttings.
 9

 Differential Sticking
Differential Sticking is one of the most common causes of pipe stuck. It can happen
when there is differential pressure (overbalance pressure) pushing a drill string & BHA
into permeable formations.
 Four factors causing the differential sticking
1. Permeable formation
2. Overbalance 
3. Filter cake
4. Pipe movement
 10

 Key Seat
While drilling, with high tension and torsion in a drilling string, the
drill string creates wear, called “key seat “ at wellbore where there
are changes in the direction.
  Parted pipe 11

 Usually, a drill string parting is caused by metal fatigue.

 There are several types of fatigue failure:

Twist-off
Washout
Twist-off occurs
when applied torque Cyclic Stress Failure
Washout is when a
exceeds a pipe body hole is worn in the
or tool joint’s Drill pipes can
pipe, and becomes experience cyclic
torsional strength increasingly larger
limits. stress if they wear
due to circulating out after a great deal
drilling fluid of use.
 12

Junk

Junk can consist of all manner of things,

from bit cones and tong dies, to hand tools
or other objects that have been accidentally
dropped into the hole. Junk can cause
irregular torque, or prevent drilling ahead
after a new bit is run.
 Cable and wireline tools 13

For the same reasons that pipes

become stuck, wire line tools
can also become stuck.
However, different fishing
equipment is -needed in order
to fish for these wire line
tools.
The main issue with wire line
tools is the fact that cables can
easily become tangled, or
wadded in the hole itself.
 14
Option of fishing
 A fishing job is one option, but this will depend on the cost and
likelihood of success. Other options include:

Abandoning the
well altogether.
Leaving the fish
where it is, and
completing the well
Leaving the fish where in a shallower zone.
it is, and sidetracking
or redrilling the well to
follow an alternative
path.
 15
Fishing tool
• The fishing tool is a special
mechanical device used for
recovery of equipment lost
down hole.
• Each type of fish requires a
specific fishing tool.
 16
• In order to inspect the fish, impression block made of soft
metal (usually lead) is dropped rapidly onto the top of the fish.
• When the impression block is retrieved to the surface, a
custom fishing tool can be designed.

Also borehole camera can be useful in fish inspection.

 17

Inside grappling tools

Fishing tools

Outside grappling tools

 18
 Inside grapplers are also called spears.
• The tool is first guided into the top of fish, and then threaded
into the top of the fish to allow pull-out and recovery.
 19
 Outside grappling tools are also called over shots.
• They surround the fish and does not release it until it is pulled
out of the hole.
 Other fishing tools can also be used when a fish is 20
difficult to grip.

Junk mills
 Time To Go Fishing – 4 Ways to Recover Your Drill Rod 21

Recovery Taps: These tools are the simplest tools for retrieving
lost rods or tooling If the rod is stuck because the core bit melted
and is fused to the rock, it will simply break and you will be no
further ahead.
 22
 Time To Go Fishing – 4 Ways to Recover Your Drill Rod

Casing cutters: equipment lost down the hole is hopelessly stuck

in the hole, it may be a good idea to use a casing cutter to
retrieve as much of the string as possible.
 23
 Time To Go Fishing – 4 Ways to Recover Your Drill Rod
Bowen spear: This is a robust tool that can be used to retrieve all
sizes of tubing, and permits heavy jarring, and pulling strains
without distorting the fish. The device resists locking, seizing, or
jamming of the tool ensuring easy release
 24
 Time To Go Fishing – 4 Ways to Recover Your Drill Rod
OWL Fishing tool: The fishing tool is a reasonably priced tool that
is very effective. To use it, it can lower it into the hole on the drill
string. Once inserted into the fish, water is pumped into the rods.
 Conclusion 25

• Fishing is a complex and risky operation. The engineer must

approve the selection of tools and procedures . Accounting
must keep day to day costs and projections, and also The
geologist should supply offset logs for the purpose of
determining washout areas.