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Anatomy Practical 1: (Anatomy of Bones, Joints & Muscles of Upper Limb)
Anatomy Practical 1: (Anatomy of Bones, Joints & Muscles of Upper Limb)
By :
Osama Al-
Zahrani
@OSAMA_
Z96
Bones
Anatomy of Bones (Clavicle)
Joint : Sternoclavicular joint with sternum & acromioclavicular joint with scapula.
Clinical significance :
Acromioclavicular dislocation.
Degeneration of the clavicle.
Sternoclavicular dislocations.
Glenoid
fossa Medial
border
Medial
Lateral
border Lateral
border
border
Borders : Triangular flat bone has 3 Borders (Superior border, Lateral axillary border, Medial vertebral
border).
Clinical significance :
- Fracture of surgical neck can cause axillary nerve damage.
- Fracture of medial epicondyle can cause ulnar nerve
damage.
- Fracture of spiral groove can cause radial nerve damage.
Medial
epicondyle
Capitulum
Trochlea
Anatomy of Bones (Radius)
The Radius is the Lateral of the two bone.
Joint :
- Elbow joint (Capitulum of the humerus with upper surface of Head of radius (Upper end) Head of radius
(Upper end)
radius).
- Upper and lower radioulnar joint. Radial tuberosity
Styloid process
Styloid process
Anatomy of Bones (Ulna)
Coronoid process
Joint :
- Elbow joint (Trochlea of the humerus with trochlear notch of the
ulna).
- Upper and lower radioulnar joint.
Note : in the movement of forearm, the ulna is fixed.
Styloid process
Anatomy of Bones (Hand)
Distal phalanges
Intermediate phalanges
Proximal phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals
Joints
Anatomy of Joints (Sternoclavicular joint)
Articulation :
Between the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle
bone.
Type :
Synovial double-plane joint.
Ligament :
Sternoclavicular ligaments.
Nerve supply :
Supraclavicular nerve.
Movements :
- Forward and backward.
- Elevation and depression.
Clinical significance :
- Posterior dislocation.
- Partial dislocation.
Anatomy of Joints (Acromioclavicular joint)
Articulation :
Between the acromion of the scapula and the lateral end of the
clavicle.
Type :
Synovial plane joint.
Ligament :
Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments.
Nerve supply :
Suprascapular nerve.
Movements :
Gliding movement.
Clinical significance :
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation.
Type :
Synovial ball-and-socket joint.
Ligament :
- Glenohumeral ligaments.
- Coracohumeral ligament.
Nerve supply :
The axillary and suprascapular nerve.
Movements :
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction,
Medial & Lateral rotation,
Circumduction.
Clinical significance :
- Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint.
- Frozen shoulder.
Type :
Synovial hinge joint.
Ligament :
Lateral & Medial ligaments.
Nerve supply :
Branches from the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and radial
nerves.
Movements :
Flexion & Extension.
Type :
Synovial pivot joint.
Ligament :
Anular ligament.
Nerve supply :
Median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves.
Movements :
Pronation & supination of the forearm.
Type :
Synovial pivot joint.
Ligament :
Anterior & posterior ligaments.
Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial nerve.
Movements :
Pronation & supination of the forearm.
Anatomy of Joints (Wrist Joint or Radiocarpal Joint)
Articulation :
Between the distal end of the radius and the articular disc above and the
scaphoid.
Type :
Synovial ellipsoid joint.
Ligament :
- Anterior & posterior ligaments.
- Medial & Lateral ligaments.
Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial nerve.
Movements :
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction.
Anatomy of Joints (Hand joints)
* (Intercarpal Joints)
Articulation :
Between the small 8 bones.
Type :
Synovial plane joints.
Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial ulnar nerves.
Movements :
Small amount of gliding movement.
Type :
Synovial saddle-shaped joint.
Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial ulnar nerves.
Movements :
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation (opposition).
Anatomy of Joints (Hand joints)
* (Metacarpophalangeal Joints)
Articulation :
Between the heads of the metacarpal bones and the bases of the proximal
phalanges.
Type :
Synovial condyloid joints.
Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial ulnar nerves.
Movements :
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction.
* (Interphalangeal Joint)
Articulation :
Between the proximal, middle & distal Phalanges.
Type :
Synovial hinge joint.
Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial ulnar nerves.
Movements :
Flexion, Extension.
Muscles
Anatomy of Muscle
Biceps
Brachialis
Deltoid
Triceps
Anatomy of Muscle
Triceps
Brachialis
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Subscapularis
Flexor digitorum
profundus
Biceps
Deltoid
Anatomy of Muscle
Anatomy of Muscle (Subscapularis)
Subscapularis
Subscapularis
Anatomy of Muscle (Subscapularis)
Subscapularis
Anatomy of Muscle (Subscapularis)
Origin :
Subscapular fossa.
Insertion :
Lesser tubercle of humerus.
Nerve innervation :
Upper & lower subscapular nerve.
Action :
Medially rotate arm & stabilizes shoulder
joint.
Anatomy of Muscle (Deltoid)
Deltoid
Deltoid
Anatomy of Muscle (Deltoid)
Origin :
The anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine
of the scapula.
Insertion :
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Nerve innervation :
Axillary nerve.
Action :
Shoulder abduction, flexion and extension.
Antagonist :
Latissimus dorsi.
Anatomy of Muscle (Biceps)
Long head
Biceps
Short head
Medial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Anatomy of Muscle (Biceps)
Short head
Musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps
Median nerve
Radial ner
Ulnar nerve
Anatomy of Muscle (Biceps)
Biceps
Anatomy of Muscle (Biceps)
Origin :
Long head : Supraglenoid tubercle of
scapula. Short head : Coracoid process of
scapula.
Insertion :
Tuberosity of radius and bicipital
aponeurosis into deep fascia of forearm.
Nerve innervation :
Musculocutaneous nerve.
Action :
- Supinator of forearm.
- Flexor of elbow joint.
- Weak flexor of shoulder joint.
Antagonist :
Triceps.
Anatomy of Muscle (Triceps)
Lateral head
Medial head
Long head
Radial nerve
Tricep
s
Anatomy of Muscle (Triceps)
Origin :
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of
scapula Lateral head: above the radial
sulcus Medial head: below the radial
sulcus
Insertion :
Olecranon process of ulna.
Nerve innervation :
Radial nerve.
Action :
Extensor of elbow joint.
Antagonist :
Biceps.
Anatomy of Muscle (Brachialis)
Medial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Anatomy of Muscle (Brachialis)
Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Anatomy of Muscle (Brachialis)
Brachialis
Anatomy of Muscle (Brachialis)
Origin :
Anterior surface of the humerus.
Insertion :
Coronoid process and the tuberosity of the
ulna.
Nerve innervation :
Musculocutaneous nerve.
Action :
Flexion at elbow joint.