Ring Frame

By
M. Naveed Akhtar
Short-staple Spinning
BLOWROOM

CARDING
COMBING
PREPARATION
Carded Yarn Combed Yarn
Path Path
COMBING

DRAWING

ROVING FRAME

RING FRAME
A Ring Spinning Frame
Brief History
The ring spinning machine was invented in year 1828
by the American Thorp.
In 1830, another American, Jenk contributed the
traveler rotating on the ring.
Since then a lot of modifications have been made but
the basic principle remains the same.
Advantages over other Systems
It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be
spun
Suitable for a wide range of counts
It delivers a yarn with optimal characteristics
(regarding structure and properties)
It is uncomplicated and easy to master,
Cost Structure of Spinning Process
Blowroom
11%

Carding
13%
Drawing
4%

Ring Spinning, 60%

Roving Ring
12% Spinning
Roving
Drawing
Carding
Blowroom
Objectives of Ring Spinning
To convert roving into very fine strand called yarn

To impart strength to the strand by twisting

To collect twisted strand called yarn onto a handy and

transportable package called cop or ring bobbin
Basic Principles of Ring Spinning
Drafting mechanism
To attenuate the roving until required fineness is
achieved
Consolidation (strengthen) mechanism
To impart strength to the fibre strand by twisting it
Winding and package forming mechanism
To wind up the resulting yarn in a package suitable for
storage, transportation and further processing
Ring Spinning Process
Roving bobbins are creeled in appropriate holders
Guide rods lead the roving into the drafting
arrangement
Drafting arrangement attenuate the roving to final
count
The drafting arrangement is inclined at an angle of 45°
to 60°
Upon leaving the front rollers the fibre strand is
twisted to impart strength
Ring Spinning Process (contd.)
Each rotation of spindle imparts one twist to the
strand
The twist is generated by the spindle which is rotating
at high speed
The direction of twist is either “S” or “Z”
This completes the spinning of the yarn
Direction of twist

S - Twist Z - Twist
Yarn Winding Process
To wind yarn on to a bobbin tube carried by the
spindle the tube must cooperate with the spindle
The traveler moves on a guide rail (the ring) encircling
the spindle
The yarn is threaded through the traveler
The traveler rotates as it is carried along the yarn
being wound on to the bobbin
The speed of the traveler is a bit less than that of the
spindle
The difference in speed between the spindle and
traveler results in yarn being wound on to the bobbin
The Ring Spinning (contd.)
The amount of twist inserted in the yarn is controlled
by the front roll (or delivery) speed and traveler
rotational speed

In practice, spindle speed (nspindle) is used instead of

traveler speed in the above equation; the spindle speed
is slightly higher than traveler speed
The Ring Spinning (contd.)
Yarn winding is performed simultaneously with
twisting

The difference in the speed between spindle and

traveler causes the yarn to wind on the package

The size of the yarn package (bobbin) is limited by the

ring diameter, which has to be small to increase the
spindle rotation at the same traveler speed
Draft, twist and winding speed
The draft is the ratio between delivery speed (Vdelivery)
and the speed (Vfeed)

Twist is the ratio between the spindle speed (nspindle)

and the delivery speed (Vdelivery)

Winding speed is directly proportional to the delivery

speed

Contraction occurs in yarn by increasing twist

Roving
Traveler speed/ Linear speed Relationship
The twist is given by:

The traveler speed can be approximated to spindle

speed (nspindle) in the above equation

Increase in productivity will be through an

increase in traveler speed
Steps of Ring Spinning
Ring Spinning Process
Drafting
Twisting

Yarn Winding Process

The Ring Spinning
Main Spinning Arrangement
The main spinning arrangements are:
The drafting arrangement
Spindle
Ring and traveler
Drafting Arrangement
It is the most important part of the machine
It influences mainly evenness and strength
All modern ring spinning machines are fitted with 3/3
double-apron drafting arrangements
The Drafting Arrangement
Drafting Arrangement
Drafting Arrangement
Drive is applied to the lower fluted steel rollers
Top rollers are carried in pivoted weighting arms
Top rollers are arranged over fluted rollers and pressed
against them
As the drafted strand contains few fibres in the main
drafting field, aprons are used to guide the fibres
Draft limits
Draft limits for ring spinning:
For carded cotton = up to 35
For carded blend = up to 40
For combed cotton and blended yarns
 Medium fineness = up to 40
 Fine yarns = up to 45

For synthetic fibres = up to 45 - 50

The Spindle
The Spindle
1. tread guide
2. balloon control
ring
3. ring
4. spindle
5. bear
6. ring rail
7. bolster
8. nut
The Spindle
Mechanically, the spindle is capable of speeds up to
28000 rev/min
This maximum speed cannot be exploited
commercially because the traveller speed is limited
The centring of the spindles relative to the rings
should be as accurate as possible
The Spindle
Spindle Drive
Basically, two groups of spindle drives can be
distinguished:
Tape drives,
Tangential belt drives,
Spindle Tape drive
Tangential belt drive
The ring
The Form Of The Ring: Basic Forms are classified
into
Lubricated rings (in woollen and worsted spinning),
Unlubricated rings (in short staple spinning)
The ring
The standard ring of the short staple spinning mill is
the unlubricated type
It can be of two types
Single sided rings
Double sided rings
The ring
For rings used in the short — staple spinning mill two
dimensions are of prime importance
the internal diameter
the flange width
Ring flange
Ring, traveller and yarn
Materials for ring and traveller
Required properties for the ring materials
The ring should always be tough and hard on its exterior
The traveler hardness should be lower so that wear
occurs mainly on the travelers, which is easier to replace
and cheaper
Surface smoothness is also important.
The traveller
The traveler imparts twist to the yarn
It enables winding of the yarn on the cop
Its speed is somewhat less than that of the spindle
The traveler does not have a drive of its own but is
dragged along behind the spindle
The traveller
The traveller mass
The traveller mass determines the winding and the
balloon tension
If the traveller is too small, the balloon will be too big
and the cop too soft; material take-up in the cop will
be low
An unduly high traveller mass leads to high yarn
tension and many end breaks
Traveler types

“C” “M” “Elliptical”