Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology

Welcome to
our Our topic: Picking

presentation
Our group consists of 7 members.
They are…..

Name ID

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Md.Rasel Mondal 175013
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Milon Mia 175021
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Israt Zahan 175025
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Jahinur Islam 175029
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Md.Mainul Islam Liton 175037
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Md.Mamunur Rahaman 175049
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Md.Maruf Khan 175051
Picking
Picking means inserting a weft thread across the warp
through during weaving. Picking is the second primary
motion in weaving.
Objective of Picking
Objective of picking is to propel the weft carrying
element (shuttle, projectile or rapier) or the weft yarn
along the correct trajectory maintaining requisite
velocity through the shed in order to provide lateral
sets of yarns in the fabric. In this module, picking will
be discussed with respect to shuttle loom only.
The history of weft insertion system
The common methods of weft insertion in weaving
machines are shuttle, rapier, air jet, water jet and
projectile insertion.The developed weft insertion is
based on the principle of a magnetic force for the
controlled transport of the weft yarn. Weft insertion
rate is defined according to the following formula which
is: WIR = PR (m/min) Where WIR = weft insertion rate
P = loom speed in picks/min R = reed width in metre.
Therefore it can be said that weft insertion rate is loom
speed in picks/min multiply by reed width.
Classification of Shuttle Picking Mechanism
Shuttle picking mechanisms are broadly classified as
cone over-pick and cone under-pick mechanisms.
Several modification of cone under-pick mechanism
manifest as parallel pick and link pick.
Cone Over-Pick Mechanism
The cone-over pick mechanism is shown in the Figure 2. A
picking cam attached to bottom shaft displaces the cone
(picking cone) which is attached with the upright picking
shaft. This causes rotation of the picking shaft. As a result,
the picking stick, which is attached to the uppermost end
of picking shaft, swing in a horizontal plane over the loom
and transmits the motion to shuttle through picking strap
and picker guided by a spindle. Picking strap is a leather or
polymeric belt which is flexible. Here picker is constrained
by the spindle to move in a straight line which otherwise
would have followed a path of arc.
Cone Over-Pick Mechanism
Obviously, this restriction of path is achieved at the expense of
some energy. Moreover, pairs of picking cam and follower
installed at either end of the loom have seldom ensured picking of
equal strength (force). The cams responsible for impulsive
rotation of the picking stick receive motion through bottom shaft.
However, allied system of picking is having varying elastic
behavior (one of them is attached through a “stiff” short shaft
while that at the further end through a long “flexible” one). All
these warrant frequent adjustment of picking-strap or picking
cam and nose settings. A system where a different cam and
follower pairs are used for each end makes the matter work
enduringly with standardized settings. A cone over-pick
mechanism on a loom is depicted in Figure 3.
Cone Over-Pick Mechanism
Cone Over-Pick Mechanism
How to Increase PPM
 By increasing motor speed.
 By setting the cone stud nearer to the picking tappet.
 By decreasing the picking strap.
 By altering the position of picking arm towards the
centre of the loom.
 By decreasing the length of the stroke of picking
tappet.
Possible Adjustments for Strength and
Timing of Over-Pick
Shortening picking-strap increases the shuttle speed, but
timing of picking advances.
The picking tappet can be turned over bottom shaft for the
adjustment of picking timing.
Lowering the picking cone in the slot increases the shuttle
speed but timing of picking is delayed (Figures 2 and 4).
Angular adjustment between picking shaft and picking stick
also changes shuttle speed and timing (unpredictable).
Large change in shuttle speed for wider loom can be achieved
by changing either nose bit or the entire picking cam
Possible Adjustments for Strength and
Timing of Over-Pick
Possible Adjustments for Strength and
Timing of Over-Pick

With the advent of automatic looms which comes with

battery or magazines, the replacement of over-pick
system with cone under pick becomes inevitable. The
latter provides space over and at one end of the loom
erstwhile occupied by it’s over pick counterpart.
Cone Under-Pick Mechanism
Cone under-pick mechanism is depicted in Figure 5. Here also a picking cam
attached to bottom shaft displaces the cone turning the picking shaft (side
shaft) located horizontally. The other end of the picking shaft is connected
with upright picking stick through the picking strap (lug strap). This causes
the picking stick to move in a vertical plane and transmits the motion to
shuttle by the picker attached at the upper end of it. In this system the picking
stick and other appendages are located below the shuttle trajectory while
picking cams and follower, as usual, below the loom and driven from bottom
shaft. The system is naturally suitable for automatic looms. Here picker slides
over its spindle and picking timing is regulated by cam adjustment like in over
pick motion. An almost inextensible lug strap allows shuttle speed adjustment
by either raising or lowering it around picking stick. Absence of stretchable
parts in under-pick system ensures the retention of correct setting over long
period in contrast with the cone over-pick mechanism. A cone under-pick
mechanism on a loom is depicted in Figure 6.
Cone Under-Pick Mechanism
Cone Under-Pick Mechanism
How to increase PPM

 By increasing motor seed.

 By increasing the nose shape of picking tappet.
 By decreasing the length of picking arm.
Possible Adjustments for Strength and
Timing of under-Pick
Timing of picking is changed by turning the cam on
the bottom shaft.
Raising and lowering of the lug strap (picking strap)
reduces and increases shuttle velocity respectively.
Two independent adjustments for velocity and timing
of shuttle make the under-pick system less
complicated
Link Pick
Attempt to increase loom speed further creates one unfavorable
situation where contact between shoe and plate is often disrupted
resulting undesirable picker movement which deflects shuttle from
its right path or undue wear of it and even fly-out. Modification
through link pick is done to overcome this limitation as shown in
Figure 7. Here a metal piece (M) attached to the lower end of the
picking stick. M connects itself to a bracket (B) fastened to the sley
sword through two arms (A). Such four bar linkages are, as if, an
irregular quadrilateral whose shape and sizes in relation to the
length and angular movement of the picking stick, if properly
designed can deliver very good result in terms of accuracy over a
distance of 15-20 cm along shuttle path and truly exercises positive
control in the system even at very high speed.
Link Pick
Catapult Effect
Generally, shuttle picking mechanism operates from 80° to 110° of
angular position of crank shaft. Basically, the picking duration
comprises of two halves. In the early half (from 80° to 95°) the strain
energy is built up and in the later half (from 95° to 110°) the strain
energy is released. The shuttle picking mechanism has a close analogy
with the action of a catapult. In this context, the shuttle represents
the missile, picker represents the leather part and picking stick and
picking strap represent the elastic band. As in catapult, the strain
energy is developed in the first half by bending of picking
stick,twisting of picking shaft and stretching of picking strap. In the
later half, the strain energy gets released and it accelerates the shuttle.
Therefore, in the light of such strong analogy the shuttle may be said
to be catapulted by picking mechanism.
Difference between over pick and under
pick
Over pick
1. Arm position is above the shuttle box.
2. Higher loom speed.
3. Less power required.
4. Works more smoothly.
5. Less clean mechanism.
6. Less direct action.
7. Comparatively gentle in picking
action.
8. Less wear and tear.
Under pick
1. Arm position is below the shuttle box.
2. Lower loom speed.
3. More power required.
4. Works less smoothly.
5. More clean mechanism.
6. More direct action.
7. Comparatively harsh in picking
action.
8. More wear and tear.
 Pick spacing
The distance between two picks is called pick spacing.

Pick spacing =1/ppi

Causes of pick spacing difference:

 Change of take up percentage.
 Change of let off up motion .
 Take up eccentric .
 Differents the quality of yarn .
 Stoping of loom for long time.
Loom Timing
Loom timing is defined as relative chronological
sequences of various primary and secondary motions
are expressed in terms of angular position of crank.
Loom timing
Sley Motion
 0° : Beat-up takes place and sley occupies its forward
most position.
180° : Sley occupies its backward most position.
0°-180° : Sley moves backward.
180°-360° : Sley moves forward.
Picking and Checking
80°-110° : Picking mechanism operates
105°-110° : Shuttle enters in the shed
240°-250° : Shuttle leaves the shed
270° : Shuttle strikes the swell in the shuttle box
300° : Shuttle comes to rest
Shedding (for early shedding)
30° : Shed is fully open
30° -150° : Heald dwell (shed remains fully open)
150° -270° : Shed closes
270° : Shed closed or shed level
270° -30° : Shed opens again (in opposite direction)
Shedding (for late shedding)
120° : Shed is fully open
120° -240° : Heald dwell (shed remains fully open)
240° -360° : Shed closes
360° : Shed closed or shed level
360° -120° : Shed opens again (in opposite direction)
Shuttle Velocity, Loom Speed and Picking Power
Relation between Shuttle Velocity and Loom Speed
Let us assume the following notations:
P = Loom speed (picks/min.) or number of revolution of
crank shaft/min.
R = Width of the reed (m)
v = Average shuttle velocity (m/s)
L = Effective length of shuttle (m)
θ = Degree of crank shaft rotation available for the passage of
the shuttle through the shed.
t = time required for the shuttle passage through the shed (s)
Now the distance covered by the shuttle in t sec = (R+L) m
Shuttle Velocity, Loom Speed and Picking Power
Shuttle Velocity, Loom Speed and Picking Power
It can be noted that from Equation 4 that for a given loom
width and shuttle length, if we desire to increase the loom
speed, we must increase either v or θ or both. However, an
increase in θ can be achieved by increasing the sley
eccentricity (e) as sley remains towards the back centre of
the loom for a longer duration if sley eccentricity is more.
Thus the shuttle can avail greater duration for its flight
through the shed. A high value of sley eccentricity should
be avoided to reduce wear and tear of the loom. In addition,
an increase in θ causes problem for fast reed warp protector
motion, because in order to
Shuttle Velocity, Loom Speed and Picking
Power
prevent the shuttle trapping, the shuttle should strike the
swell in proper time. It, therefore, restricts the increase of θ .
On the other hand, an increase in v requires more kinetic
energy to be dissipated during shuttle checking which
increase wear of the loom frame. From this above argument,
it is clear that the loom speed is limited in the shuttle loom.
The product of P and (R+L) is known as the Weft Insertion
Rate (WIR), which is a measure of loom productivity. Unit
of WIR is m/min. From Equation 4, for a given v and θ, we
have:
Shuttle Velocity, Loom Speed and Picking
Power
Shuttle Velocity, Loom Speed and Picking
Power
Power Required for Picking
Power Required for Picking
Equation 7 suggests that for a given width of loom, the power required for
picking is proportional to the cube of loom speed (picks/min). Therefore, if
the loom speed is increased by 20%, the power requirement for picking will
increase by 73% (1.23 times = 1.728 times). However, the productivity of
fabric (m/min) will also increase by 20% due to increase loom speed. So,
power cost per unit length (m) of fabric will increase by 44% (1.728/1.2
times).

Power of picking is also influenced as follows.

Increases linearly with the mass of the shuttle.

Increases proportionately with the square of loom width
Decreases proportionately with the square of degree of crank shaft rotation
available for the passage of the shuttle through the shed.
 Example:
A modern projectile loom running with a reed space of 210
cm,450 PPM and a projectile of 9 cm long. Assume the
passage of the projectile to occupy 150 degree. Find out the
velocity of projectile.
Solution: Given that,
R=210 cm=2.1m,
L=9cm=0.09m,
P=450PPM,
θ=150
We know,
Velocity,V=[6p(R+L)]/θ
=[6*450(2.1+0.09)]/150
=39.42 m/s
ank
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