History of LOOMS

Nurunnabi
Lecturer
National Institute of Textile Engineering & Research
All content of this slide is not mine. Totally copy paste from various
websites.
I am just collect and rearrange them.

-Nurunnabi
Reference Book:
 History of Loom
• Weaving process was introduced to human
society
• Major developments in textile took place in
England
• Woven fabrics was produced by at least two
people employed on loom
Horizontal loom
Hand loom
Power Loom
 Chronological/ Historical development of loom
1. Vertical loom: Damask, Tapestry.
2. Pit loom.
3. Frame loom.
4. Chittarangan/ Semi-automatic loom: Take up and let off automatic
5. Hattersley loom.
6. Natural Source/ Ordinary power loom: a) Water wheel was until 195
b) Steam engine
c) Diesel engine

7. Electric power loom: 1st power loom 1784

1st weaving mill with power loom 1789

a) Large single motor

b) Large group motor
c) Individual motor with 1930
8. Modern loom:
a) Projectile
b) Rapier
c) Air Jet
d) Water Jet
e) Multiphase
Types of Loom
 1. Primitive or Vertical loom.

Primitive or Vertical loom: A primitive loom is

generally by sinking the frame into the ground
and the work inside the pit by both feet. The
framework is of bamboo. This loom had been
known to be in use in 5000 to 6000 years B.C.
This loom are still used for weaving silk pieces
,silk shirting and sarees, muslim, etc.by
derivative weavers.
 2. Pit loom

 
Pit loom: This loom is created by sunking four posters
into the ground and with an overhang sley.The thread
work inside the pit,so that the warp threads may
absorb moisture and better weaving will result.In this
loom the combination of sley & shuttle boxes.In 1733
A.D John kay of Bury,England invented the"Fly
Shuttle".This invention wsa an extreamlyn important
event in the history and development of weaving.
 3. Frame loom:
 
 
Frame loom: Frame looms almost have the
similar mechanisms that ground looms hold. The
loom was made of rods and panels fastened at
the right angles to construct a form similar to a
box to make it more handy and manageable.
This type of loom is being utilized even until now
due to its economy and portability.
 4. Chittaranjan loom.
Chittaranjan loom:A type of
semiautomatic loom of sturdy
construction made of iron and
wood commonly used in Bengal is
known as Chittarangan loom.This
loom also called Japani loom.
 5.Hattersley Loom
Hattersley Loom:In 1856 hattersley and hill of
kighley,Yourkshire act in the same manner as a
power loom excepting the movement of the slay
which may either be operated manually or by
motive power to the top shaft,but the loom is
constructed with lighter foming.
 Power loom
Power Loom: This type of loom is not drive by
hand only eclectic power is used.
 Air jet loom: This looms use a jet of air to propel the
filling yarn strength the shed,It requires uniform filling
yarn. They are suitable use with medium weight yarns
then very light and very heavy yarn.
 7. Water jet loom
Water jet loom:A pre measured length of filling yarn is
carried across the loom by a jet of water.It can produce
superior quality of fabrics.
Rapier loom:These loom are competitors to the missille
looms.There are two types of rapier looms.Long rapier & double
rapier long/single rapier that carries the weft across the width
from one side of the loom to another.Double rapier that is one
on each side of the loom.One rapier feed the filling yarn half way
through the shed of warp yarn to the arm the other side,which
reach in and takes it across the rest of the way.
Projectile Loom: This picking action is accomplished by
a series of small bullet projectiles which grip the filing
yarn and carry it through the shed and return empty.
 Multiphase loom

Sultzer Ruti, the manufacturer of a multiphase machine, states that its loom will
insert upto 5,400 meters of pick per minute.
 LOOM MOTION
Loom

Primary Motion Secondary Motion Tertiary Motion

Primary motion Secondary Motion

Tertiary Motion
1 Shedding: 1. Take up 1 Warp stop motion
( Tappet a) Positive 2 Weft stop motion (Centre, side)
(Dobby. b) Negative. 3 Reed stop motion (Loose, fast)
( Jacquard.
4 Temple motion (Roller, reed)
2 Picking: 2. Let off 5 Weft replenish
( Over pick a) Positive
(Under pick. b) Negative.
(Modern pick. (5 wheel, 7 wheel)
3 Beating:
( Single
( Multiple
( Variable.