RAZEL B.

MUNSOD
BSED (ENGLISH)
 Written works- 30%
Performance task-50%
Exam-20%
Total: 100%
7 Reasons why Lit. is important?
1.Entertaining
2.Exposes
3.Stimulating
4.Encouraging
5.Pleasure giving
6.Leisure
7. therapy
Literature can help us in 5 ways
1. Literature can inspire children to write.
2.It can help our vocabulary to express
ourselves.
3. It can build skills in our expression
4.Develop site, settings and sounds.
5.It can help us in our problems and
challenges.
> Classification of Literary
types.
> Poetry
I- Narrative poetry – tells a
story in richly imaginative and
rhythmical language in a
narrative form.
A. Epic- is a long, narrative poem
which deals with the adventures
and exploits of legendary
heroes.
B. Metrical romance- is a long
verse which deals about the
ideals of romantic love.

C. Ballad- is a song narrative

intended to be sung.
II- Lyric
A. Ode- is a kind of poem that
addressed to some person or
thing.
B. Elegy- A poem about the
authors personal grief.
Example- Passion of Christ
C. Song short lyric poem
1. Secular songs- it has no
religious themes.
2. Sacred songs- are songs of
praise to God.
D. Simple lyric- is a short poem
with verses and emotional
tone.
E. Sonnet- is a poem that is
made up of 14 lines and has
rhymes.
> Kind of essays
 III. Essay – is a literary composition in
deals with a single matter usually from
a personal point of view.
1. Narrative or story essay- is the
illustration of a writer’s idea or theme.
2.Descriptive essay- describing some
aspect of an idea or events.
3. Autobiographical essay- is your own
written work about the aspects on
your life.
4. Critical essay- is a critism of any
work of art, literature,music,drama
or pictures.
5. Editorial essay- is a feature of
most newspaper and magazines.
6. Reflective essay- enforces a
moral or lesson writing in theater
act or movies.
IV- Fiction- written stories about people and
events that are not real, simply something that is
not true.
> Prose allegory- is a form in which the characters
, ideas and action has implied meanings.
1. Fable- the characters are animals that talk and
act like a human being.
2. Myths- an idea or stories that is believed by
many people but that is not true.
3. Legend- are stories of wonderful events
believed to have historical basis and which pass
through the ages.
B. Prose Romances- are stories
of supernatural or magical
events.
1. Fairytale- A simple children
story about magical creatures.
2. Folktales- stories which
originally are handed down
through oral communication.
C. Prose Satires- are stories of humans
and the intentions is to bring us awake of
what is happening in our country or
institutions.
D. Novels- are prose narratives usually
presented in a chapters like a book.
IV- Dramatic Poetry
A. Poetic plays
1. Comedy- is a type of drama which aims
to amuse and entertain. The tendency of
the viewer is to laugh and to become
happy.
2.Tragedy- is a type of drama in which the
main characters are overthrown by the
obstacles. It usually ends with death.
3. Historical play- is a drama about the
lives of outstanding figures in history.
V. Proverbs- a brief
popular saying that gives
advices about how
people should live or
express a belief.
 1.Intonation – the sound changes
produced by the rise and fall of the voice
when speaking, especially when this has
an effect on the meaning of what is said
2.Juncture – the manner in which words
come together and a connection is mad
3. Stress – accent, the relative
prominence of a syllable or musical note
4.Pitch – the property of sound with
variation in frequency of vibration
Form a group and perform the intonation
activities for oral fluency.

Group 1 Say “Hello” in the following

situations:
• to a friend
• to a friend you haven’t seen for a year
• to your teacher • to a six-month old baby
• to someone you found doing something they
shouldn’t
• to someone you’re not sure is still on the
other end of the phone
Group 2 Say “How are you?” in the
following situations:
• to someone you meet for the first time
• to someone you haven’t seen for 3
years
• to someone who just recovered from
sickness
• to someone who has recently lost a
member of the family
Group 3 Say “Thank you” to the
following people:
• someone who helped you carry your
bag
• someone who gave you a present
• someone who opened the door for you
• your boss for allowing you to take a
leave
Group 4 Say “Please” in the following
situations:
• when you’re requesting for something •
when you make an order
• when you are offering something
• when you give a command
Group 5 Say “Excuse me” in the following
situations:
• when you want to interrupt in a
conversation
• when you want to clarify something
• when you are correcting someone
• when you want to get a person’s name
• when you’re asking for directions
NEWS WRITING
AND
REPORTING
 > KEY COMPONENTS OF A GOOD NEWS
STORY
• Attention-getting headline
• A strong lead containing 5 Ws and H
(who, what, when, where, why, and how)
• Use of quotes
• Real facts (truth and accuracy matter)
• A strong summary
• Organization of the news (presenting
information from most to least important)
What makes a story newsworthy?
Some key elements when considering
“newsworthiness” are:
• Timing: If it happened today, it’s news, if it
happened last week, it’s not; with 24-hour news
access, “breaking” news is important.
• Significance: How many people are affected?
• Proximity: The closer a story hits home, the more
newsworthy it is.
• Prominence: When famous people are affected,
the story matters (i.e., car accident involving your
family vs. a car accident involving the President).
• Human Interest: Because these
stories are based on emotional
appeal, they are meant to be
amusing or to generate empathy or
other emotions. They often appear
in special sections of the
newspaper or at the end of the
newscast as a “feel good” story or
to draw attention to something
particularly amusing.
ACTIVITY:

 Bring a English newspaper. It can

be new or old then with your
partner, evaluate one article
from the newspaper then cut
and paste it to a long bond
paper then identify if it contains
the key components of a good
news story? Explain.
 PRACTICAL EXAM:
Make your own valid news then
present it in front of the class and
pretend to be a true news
anchor/reporter
 Tips on Presenting Your News
• Use an introduction. Make sure
these sentences are easy to
understand and should be delivered
no longer than 20 seconds.
• Check if you are saying the names
of people and places correctly.
• When you read your introduction,
speak clearly and be enthusiastic.
• You can emphasize important words
by pausing before you say them or
saying them a little louder. Mark these
words on your script so you won’t
forget.
• Speak in a normal voice. You don’t
have to shout and you shouldn’t
whisper.
• Stand or sit up straight. Be natural. Try
not to move too much or it will distract
your audience.
• Practice with the camera
and microphone to get
used to what it feels like to
present a news.
• Have fun and enjoy
yourself!
News video
 CRITERIA ASSESSMENT PERCENTAGE

TOPIC OF CHOICE Topic is of high interest and educational 20%

value; teaches new ideas and
information.

CONTENT Highly detailed; well organized; shows a 20%

strong understanding of the topic

VOICE MANNER Loud, clear, and relaxed with few 20%

pauses; well prepared

EYE CONTACT/AUDIENCE Consistent eye contact with many 20%

members of the audience; rarely looks
at notes

PRESENTABLE APPEARANCE Proper clothes and posture 20%

100%
TOTAL
>When we were young and still feel
young, our imagination is boundless
that we have a lot of what if
questions?
>What is your
craziest What if’s?
- According to novelist, Annie
Neugebauer, answering the question,
“what if” is the key to making a
speculative fiction. One needs to
speculate about some things.
Speculation means to fill one’s mind
with wonder and curiosity.
Fiction speculates. What if a beggar who
won the lottery dies the next day? What if
a teacher falls in love with a prisoner?
What if a closet gay find outs that his
mother is in love with a woman?
Therefore, is it not tautological to use the
phrase “speculative fiction” as all fiction
speculates?
One has to review ergo the definition of fiction.
Simply put, Encyclopedia Britannica fiction is
literature created from the imagination, not
presented as fact, though it may be based on a
true story or situation. The events in a fiction
are untrue. But do what extent is fiction untrue
is another issue.
> There are two branches of fiction: realist and
speculative. Realist fiction attempts to mimic
reality. A writer may write about the a fictional
beggar who won the lottery and died the next
day.
Another may compose a story about fictional
teacher who falls in love with a prisoner. Lastly,
another author may write how a fictional closet
gay found out that his mother is in love with a
woman. In this world of reality where we are, it
is possible that there is a beggar who can win
the lottery and die the next day. It is possible
that a teacher falls in love with a prisoner. It is
possible that there can be a closet gay who will
discover that his mom is in love with a women
The characters themselves do not exist, but likes
of them exist. Jack and Rose do not exist in real
life but an artist and a first class passenger exist
in real life. The setting is fictional, but it simply
represents a real one. The event may be
fictional, even if exaggerated or rare, but it can
happen. Realist fiction is untrue but possible. It
is believable even if untrue.
> Speculative fiction (kwentong sapantaha) in
filipino is a different case. It is writing not just
about the untrue but also the impossible or very
unlikely. Let us try for example to play one of
the story given above . The story of a teacher
who falls in love with a prisoner is for group 1,
A closet gay who will discover that his mom is in
love with another woman is for the group 2,
and for the group 3 is the beggar who win the
lottery and die the next day.
>But what if a teacher is actually a
manananggal, What if I am a vampire? There is
no manananggal and vampire in real life. A
character who does not exist in real life makes a
fiction speculative. But what if the teacher and
the prisoner are realistic humans but they are in
the time where robots are now ruling the world.
The setting is far from the reality and thus it
make the fiction speculative. Lastly, what if the
realistic teacher and the realistic prisoner in a
realistic world discover that they can talk to
animals and that they have to build an ark for
the coming of the second greatflood.
>This plot is too fantastical. If any of the
elements of fiction, character, setting, or plot
does not exist in real life or is impossible then
the story is speculative fiction.
Speculative fiction has subgenres which include
the following: Fantasy, Horror and Science
fiction.
> Fantasy, defined by Encyclopedia Britannica,
is an imaginative fiction dependent for effect on
strangeness of setting and/or of characters.
Examples are magical powers and talking
animals. It represents the impossible and
outside the parameters of our known reality.
> In her book, “Rhetorics of fantasy”, Farah
Mendlesohn proposes the following taxonomy
of fantasy as “ determined by the means by
which the fantastic enters the narrated world”.
1. Portal-quest
fantasy
2. Immersive fantasy
3. Intrusion fantasy
World-building is very important in fantasy,
particularly that of an immersive fantasy. Here a
few tips on conceptualizing a fantasy story:
1. Think of your world premise. What makes
your world unique?
2. Set the geography. Draw a map of your world.
Describe the landscape and the climate.
3. Set the civilization of your story . What is the
history of the world? What are the rules of the
world? How is power distributed? How do they
speak ? What words and items are unique?
What are the traditions? What are the rules of
the magic?
3. Set the civilization of your story . What
is the history of the world? What are the
rules of the world? How is power
distributed? How do they speak ? What
words and items are unique? What are
the traditions? What are the rules of the
magic?
Now in essay form which is
come to our own point of
view write your own fantasy
story it maybe a speculative,
realist , portal quest,
immersive or intrusion
fantasy.
“Other people” By:
Neil Gaiman
>Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman is an
English author of short fiction, novels,
comic books, graphic novels,
nonfiction, audio theatre, and films.
His works include the comic book
series The Sandman and novels
Stardust, American Gods, Coraline,
and The Graveyard Book. 
>He was born on November 10,1960
(age 58 years) at Portchester, United
Kingdom
> He is one of the co-makers and
writer of the movie Beowulf and
Stardust, also the Television show
Good omens and Coraline.
 Famous Quotes:
>The world always seems brighter
when you've just made something that
wasn't there before.
>What power would Hell have if those
imprisoned there were not able to
dream of Heaven?
Short story: “Other
people”
By: Neil Gaiman
 Have you had conflicts
with others? How did you
feel about it? What did
you do?
“I think in most relationships that have
problems, there’s fault on both sides.
And in order for it to work, there has
to be some common ground that’s
shared. And it’s not just one person
making amends.” - Steve Carell
Common ground
by: Kodaline
 It's easy to win
It's harder to lose
To admit that your moment
You've got something to prove
Who said it was easy?
I'll tell you they're wrong
So get busy whirlin'
What you already know
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh
Oh-oh-oh-oh
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh
Oh-oh-oh
Well people will tell you
What you want to hear
The people will know you well
And make it all clear
 Life isn't easy
You got to be strong
So get busy learnin'
Or you're already gone
Shall we all be forgotten?
And we all grow bored
Will we all be forgotten?
But a common ground
Is a good place to start
Will we all be forgotten?
Yeah we all grow bored
Should we all be forgotten?
But a common ground
Is a good place -
Is a good place to start
A common ground
Is a good place to start
Analyze and answer:
1. What is the song all
about?
2. How do you feel while
listening the song?
3.Would you follow the
advice given?
.
Now, try to sketch your idea in
the paper when you hear or
listen to the song then there is
one representative who will
explain the object/person
which every group members
visualize and relate it to the
song. ( COMMON GROUND)
The family is the smallest unit of`
society and it is everything. Yet
there is no
such thing as a “perfect family.”
Can you recall one unforgettable
misunderstanding that happened
in your
family? How you/members of the
family resolve it?
“ 4 Causes of family
conflict”
By: K.Lee banks
1. Finances
2.Rivalry that occurs between siblings
3.Parenting - If one parent acts as the
“disciplinarian,” the other parent
typically becomes the “consoler” to
whom the children turn - this often pits
one parent against the other
4. disagreements with your in-laws or
extended family
Activity: Read the definition
then choose the letter of the
defined word.
A. console F. dwindle
B. unit G. inevitable
C. conflict H. rivalry
D. lack I. disciplinarian
E. mortgage J. consensus
1. To not have enough of
something.
2. a state or situation in which
people or groups are competing
with each other.
3.An idea or opinion that is shared
by all people in a group.
4. A person who make someone
feel less sad or disappointed.
5. A person who make sure that
rules or orders are obeyed.
6. A single thing or person that is or
group that is part of something
larger.
7. Having or showing feelings that
disagree with one another.
8. A legal agreement in which a
person borrows money to buy
property and pays back the money
over a period of years.
Oral Tradition: A myth is an ancient
story created to explain natural
events. Gods, goddesses, and
heroes are among the characters in
myths. In addition to explaining
events in nature, some myths also
present a lesson on how to live, or
serve as a warning to follow the
rules of the society.
Sharing: Did your parents
have any command that
you not comply ?
9. A thing Shure to
happen.
10. gradually become
smaller.
The Text “The story of Daedalus
and Icarus” is a myth. It
discusses adventures and
mistakes of heroes or
characters
Look For How does Icarus get
himself into a difficult
situation? As you read this
myth, look for what Icarus did
to escape from the Crete.
Daedalus and Icarus
by: Nick Pontikis
 Nick Pontikis is a famous author who
wrote the fiction story of 'Daedalus and
Icarus'. He was born and raised in Greece.
His birthday is on July 15,1880. His
motherland is Greece and the rich history
of his country inspired him to write his
best selling book 'Daedalus and Icarus'
which is one of the well-known stories in
the Greek Literature. He remained low-
profile in spite of being an established
writer.
 Groupings: Illustrate
the images in your
mind as you
encountered the
following in your story
Construct your own sentences by using the
following pronouns
1.
(him)______________________________2.
(her)_______________________________3.
(them)_____________________________
4.(it)________________________________
1. The Labyrinth
2.Icarian sea
3. Minatour
4.Icarus wings.
Activity: In essay form
write in your notebook
the lessons you’ve
learned in the story
The most important
component of defense is
awareness. In the previous
lesson, you have been made
aware of your personal
challenges and that is your
initial step into building a
defense against life’s inevitable
challenges.
In this lesson, you will perform a lot
of activities that will help you
strengthen yourself amid
discrimination.
Specifically, you will be asked to
answer the important
question, How do I build the best
defenses against challenges to
achieve the best quality of life?
 Watch/listen to the song
“Reflection” from the
movie Mulan and answer
the questions that follow.
Processing Questions:
1. What is the song all about?
2. What type of discrimination was
underscored in the song?
3. Does this kind of discrimination on women
still exist these days? How or in
what way?
4. Pick out your favorite lines from the song
and explain why you picked those
lines..
 THE GORGON’S
HEAD
From Ancient Greece
Anne Terry White
The Author Anne Terry White
(1896), who was born in Russia, has
worked as a teacher, a social worker,
and a translator of Russian
literature. Amongst her most-loved
tales is the “Gorgon’s Head.”
“Love that we cannot have is
the one that last the longest,
hurts the deepest and feel the
strongest”.

- Ann Terry White.

Look For:
As you read the myth, look
for the heroic qualities of
Perseus and the personal
challenges he has to
overcome to
acquire “the Gorgon’s head”.
Task 2:
A. List down all the acts of heroism
done by Perseus...
B. List down all the little acts of
heroism that you did lately…
C. What personal challenges does
Perseus have to overcome to fulfll
acts of heroism?
D. What personal challenges have
you overcome to fulfll acts of
heroism?
 •

Top 10 Most
beautiful places
in the World
Our journey:
How diverse is the Philippines?

Did you know?

The Philippines is composed of
7,107 island which make our
country an archipelago
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
> was a French writer, poet,
aristocrat, journalist and pioneering
aviator
> Saint-Exupéry was a successful
commercial pilot before world war II,
working airmail routes in Europe,
Africa and South America.
> Saint-Exupéry had achieved fame
in France as an aviator. His literary
works – among them The Little
Prince, translated into 300 languages
and dialects

> He died because of a plane crash

on July 31,1944 at Marseili France
> The advent of technology and the popularity
of media have proven that the gap between
people in the 21st century has almost
completely waned. With one search and a
simple click on facebook, any user can add or
confirm as many friends as one wants.
Now let us now discover how the little Prince
discover friendships.
“Just that,” said the fox. “To me, you are still
nothing more than a little boy who is just like a
hundred thousand other little boys. And I have
no need of you. And you, on your part, have no
need of me. To you, I am nothing more than a
fox like a hundred thousand other foxes. But if
you tame me, then we shall need each other. To
me, you will be unique in all the world. To you, I
shall be unique in all the world…”
“One only understands the things that
one tames,” said the fox. “Men have no
more time to understand anything. They
buy things all ready made at the shops.
But there is no shop anywhere where one
can buy friendship, and so men have no
friends any more. If you want a friend,
tame me…”
- Fox
“What is essential is invisible to
the eye,” the little prince
repeated, so that he would be
sure to remember.
“It is the time you have wasted
for your rose that makes your
rose so important.”
Task 1: Describe the little Prince
and the fox by writing a sentence
that would appeal to the senses.

Group 1: Sight
2: Hear
3: Touch
•

Sensory images:
image that is created by the
mind of the readers from a
very description of anything
“What is essential is invisible to
the eye,” the little prince
repeated, so that he would be
sure to remember.
“It is the time you have wasted
for your rose that makes your
rose so important.”