OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF CHANNEL CAPACITY

OF A MICROWAVE LINK IN THE PRESENCE OF

TROPOSPHERE PRECIPITATION IN DELTA STATE
NIGERIA

BY
ELVIS AGBADOBI
PG/MSC/2019/0015

SUPERVISOR:
Dr(Mrs) E.P OGHERHWO

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES EFFURUN,DELTA STATE.

OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 STATEMENT TO THE PROBLEM
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
 LITERATURE REVIEW TO RELATED WORKS
 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
 SUMMARY
 CONCLUSION
 RECOMMENDATION
 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
 The communications channel is the physical
medium that is use to send the signal from the
transmitter to the receiver. In wireless
transmission, the channel is usually the
atmosphere (free space). On the other hand,
telephone channels usually employ a variety of
physical media, including wire lines, optical
fiber cables, and wireless (microwave radio).
(Gibbins, 1990).
INTRODUCTION
 Shannon’stheorem: When a source sends r messages
per second and the entropy of the message is H bits
per message. The information rate is 𝑅 = 𝑟𝐻
bits/second. A given communication system has a
maximum rate of information known as the channel
capacity C. If the information rate R< C, then one
can approach arbitrarily small error probabilities
by using intelligent coding techniques. To get lower
error probabilities, the encoder has to work on longer
blocks of signal data. This entails longer delays and
higher computational requirements.
INTRODUCTION
 If R ≤ C, transmission may be accomplished
without error in the presence of noise and
tropospheric precipitations. The negation of
this theorem is also true: if R > C, then errors
cannot be avoided regardless of the coding
technique used.
 A microwave link is a communications
system that uses a beam of electromagnetic
waves in the microwave frequency range to
transmit information
STATMENT TO THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
 One of the problems with satellite
communication is the inability to guarantee
communication during rainfall or when the
line of sight is obstructed. The restrained use
of millimeter bands for commercial
operations is due to severe rain attenuation.
 Attenuation experienced in tropical areas is
caused by considerably higher rainfall
traversing the Electromagnetic waves .
STATMENT TO THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
 Troposphere suffer the following effects:it
could be scattered, depolarized, absorbed and
attenuated. This is the region in the
atmosphere in which most of the side effect of
the weather affect the communication signals.
STATMENT TO THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
 Telecommunication companies and Internet Service
Providers (ISPs) as example in Nigeria and Delta State
in particular find it difficult to provide high data rate
services to their network users, especially mobile and
television users due to environmental factors affecting
propagation at microwave links. Therefore, with the
increasing demand of bandwidth and wide range of
application of satellite communication system, there
are urgent needs to design channel capacity models
that will enhance the utilization of microwave links
operating in the present of tropospheric precipitations.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES.
 This study is aim at enhancing the utilization of
channel capacity of a microwave link in the
presence of tropospheric precipitations in Delta
state Nigeria. The specific objectives are
1. To compute the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) of a
microwave channels under rain.
2. To determine signal strength and signal losses of a
microwave link under tropospheric precipitation.
3. To graphically obtain the relationship between
signal strength and signal losses.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
 This study is focused only on microwave
satellite links operating within the
troposphere. The location of the study and
data obtained is restricted to Warri, Delta
State.
L I T E R AT U R E R E V I E W OF R E L AT E D W O R K

 Muriel (2000) worked on the effect upon channel

capacity in wireless communications of perfect and
imperfect knowledge of the channel.
 Mohammad et al., (2002) worked on Capacity of
Wireless Communication Systems Employing Antenna
Arrays, a tutorial study using simulations for the case
of flat Rayleigh fading, capacities of
optimal/suboptimal implementations are contrasted for
each multi-antenna structure. Discussions are made on
system design, regarding implementation complexity
and practical limitations on achieving these capacities.
L I T E R AT U RE R E VI E W OF RELATED WORK

 Vijender and Gull (2014), Worked on signal strength

estimation of wireless communication system. They
revealed that the received signal strength is calculated
with respect to distance to determine the model that
can be adopted to minimize the number of hand offs.
 Omotosho and Oluw (2009), worked on impairment
of radio wave signal by rainfall on fixed satellite
service on earth-space path at 37 stations in Nigeria.
 Rong (2015), worked on a new method of uplink
power compensation of rain attenuation of satellite
communication system.
DATA COLLECTION
 The precipitation and microwave signal
measurement to be collected from the Nigeria
Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for Warri, Delta
state, Nigeria(5.5540N 5.7930E) for the year 2018
and 2019. Precipitation data will be measured using
Davis Vantage Vue weather station while microwave
signal to be obtained using spectrum analyzer. The
down converted Ku-band signal is fed into the digital
satellite meter and a spectrum analyzer for signal
level analysis, logging and recording samples of
viewed spectrum over finite periods of time on a
computer system.
DATA COLLECTION
 Both satellite signal and precipitation measurements
are going to be done concurrently. The measurement
of precipitation will be done using the Davis
Vantage Vue weather station, which logs rain rate
and other meteorological parameters at one- minute
integration time. The Davis weather station has an
Integrated Sensor Suite (ISS), which is co- located
with the outdoor unit of the beacon setup that is, the
offset parabolic antenna. Experimental set up used to
concurrently measure and record rain-rate, signal
strength, signal quality and Bit error rate (BER).
DATA COLLECTION
• The performance of any wireless system can be
estimated in terms of the BER and service
providers has a certain threshold set for the bit
error rate (quality of service) for which it will
provide the service. BER in telecommunication
transmission is described as the percentage of
bits that have errors relative to the total
number of bits received in a transmission
channel and is expressed numerically as ten to
a negative power (Abdul et al., 2014).
SUMMARY
Optimum utilization of channel capacity of a
microwave link in the presence of tropospheric
precipitations in Delta state Nigeria will be
carriedout. And data will be collected for the
period of two years (2018 and 2019) and results
will be calculated based on ITU-
Recommendations
CONCLUSIONS
• This study focuses on predicting a suitable
model capable of enhances the utilization of
channel capacity of a microwave link under
rain.
REFERENCE
 Aderemi A. Atayero, Matthew K. Luka, and Adeyemi A.
Alatishe, 2011 “Satellite Link Design: A Tutorial”,
International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences,
vol.11,no.4, Pp.46-54.
 Bhattacharya, Asit Tripathi, Dr. Dhananjay kumar & Nag.
Atanu. (2011). Statistical characteristics of tropical rain
rate and rain intensity from radar and rain gauge
measurements. International journal of Physics. 4. 53- 64.
 Ajayi, G.O. and E.B.C. Ofoche, 1984. Some Tropical
Rainfall Rate Characteristics at Ile-Ife for Microwave and
Millimeter Wave Applications. Journal of Climate
andAppliedMeteorology,23(4):p.562-567.
REFERENCE
 Adimula, I., O. Falaiye, and A. 2006. Willoughby,
Effects of rain on microwave and satellite
communications in equatorial and tropical
regions. Nigerian Journal of Physics,17(1):
p.66-71.
 Obiyemi, O.O., J.S. Ojo, and T.S. Ibiyemi, 2014.
Performance Analysis of Rain Rate Models for
Microwave Propagation Designs Over Tropical
Climate. Progress in Electromagnetics
Research M, 39:p.115-122.