MEASURES OF RELATIVE

POSITION FOR UNGROUPED

DATA : QUARTILES ,
DECILES, & PERCENTILES
PREPARED BY: ANGELICA A. GAUTANE
 Measure of Relative Position
 A fractile is the cut off point for a certain fraction
of a sample. If your distribution is known, then
the fractile is just the cut-off point where the
distribution reaches a certain probability.
 The word  ”Quantile” is sometimes used instead
of the word “Fractile”, and they can be expressed
as quartiles, deciles, or percentiles by expressing
the decimal or fraction α in terms of quarters,
tenths, or hundredths respectively.
 Quartiles for Ungrouped Data
 Quartiles divide a rank-ordered data set into four
equal parts. The values that divide each part are
called the first, second, and third quartiles; and
they are denoted by Q1, Q2, and Q3, respectively.

 Figure 1.1 below shows a set of four numbers

divided into quartiles.
Figure 1.1
 Formula
    The formula for  quartile is

Qi= Value of  observation, i=1,2,3 where n is the

total number of observations.
 Sample problem
 A random sample of 15 patients yielded the
following data on the length of stay (in days) in
the hospital. 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 10, 14, 12, 10, 13, 13,
9, 8, 10, 12. Find quartiles.
 Solution
The
  formula for  quartile is
Qi= Value of
 First step Arrange the data in ascending order

5, 6, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 15

 To find the First Quartile Q1

The first quartle Q1 can be computed as follows:

Q1=Value of obs
  =Value of  obs.
=Value of (4)th obs.
=9
 Thus, 25 % of the patients had length of stay in the
hospital less than or equal to 9 days.
   find the Second Quartile Q2
To
 The second quartile Q2 can be computed as
follows:
Q2=Value of   obs.
=Value of   obs.
=Value of (8)th obs.
=10
 Thus, 50 % of the patients had length of stay in
the hospital less than or equal to 10 days.
 Third
  Quartile Q3
 The third quartile Q3 can be computed as follows:

Q3=Value of   obs.

=Value of   obs.
=Value of (12)th obs.
=13
 Thus, 75 % of the patients had length of stay in
the hospital less than or equal to 13 days.
 DECILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA
 Deciles are the values of arranged data which
divide whole data into ten equal parts. They are 9
in numbers namely D1,D2,⋯,D9. Here D1 is
first decile, D2 is second decile, D3 is third
decile and so on.

 Calculating the position deciles 1. Formula

Position of D1 = k/10 (n+1)
 Sample Problem
 Find the 7th decile (D7), Given the scores of 11
students in their mathematics activity. { 1, 27, 16,
7, 31, 7, 30, 31, 3, 4, 21 }
 Solution
 Calculating the position deciles 1. Formula
Position of D1 = k/10 (n+1)
 Step 1: Arrange the scores in ascending order { 1,
3, 4, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31, 31 }.
 Step 2: Locate the Position of the score in the
distribution Position of D7= 7/10 (n+1) D7= 7/10
(11+1) D7= 8.4 = 8 (rounded off).
 D7 is the 8 th element therefore D7=27.
 PERCENTILE FOR
UNGROUPED DATA
 The percentiles are the ninety-nine score points
which divide a distribution into one hundred
equal parts, so that each part represents the data
set.
 Sample Problem
  
Find the 58th percentile (), Given the scores of 10
students in their mathematics activity using linear
interpolation { 1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 3, 4, 21 }
 Solution
  
Step 1: Arrange the scores in ascending order { 1,
3, 4, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31 }
 Step 2: Locate the position of the scores in the
distribution
Position of = 58/100 (n+1)
= 58/100 (10+1)
= 6.38 = 6
 is the 6th element therefore, = 16
THANKYOU!