E-Coal:

Biodegradable Waste
and Compacted
Paper as Alternative
to Charcoal
Briquettes
 Hello!
We are Group 9
Members:

Alcantara, Grenesa Kirsten

De Leon, Jan Renz
Matilac, Mylene Anne
Pontillas, Bernard Joshua
Salazar, Princess Coreen

2
 OUTLINE
Background of the Study
Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study
Conceptual Framework
Scope of Limitations
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
Time Table

3
Background of the
Study
E-Coal: Biodegradable Waste and Compacted Paper as
Alternative to Charcoal Briquettes
 Since the discovery of charcoal, the
accessibility of energy and fuel has been
easier and more efficient. It became a
staple necessity in every Filipino household
especially for cooking food.

5
 According to an article in McGill
University, Charcoal is one of the most
important substances ever discovered. This
is due to the fact that charcoal has been
used since ancient times.

6
 Burning wood is the main source on how charcoal is
produced. Resulting to this are many serious problems
such as deforestation, desertification, pollution and
global warming.

According to the World Health Organization, 9 out of

10 people now breathe polluted air and in 2018, the
Philippines was ranked as the 3rd highest number of
deaths due to air pollution. Household air pollution
that is generated by household combustion of fuels is
one of the factors of this severe condition.

7
 A survey in 2013 conducted by the team of Dr.
Emelyne C. Cortiguerra of the Department of Science
and Technology’s Forest Products and Research and
Development Institute (DOST-FPRDI) explained the
efficiency and benefits of using charcoal briquettes.

Charcoal Briquettes as defined by FPRDI Director Dr.

Romulo T. Aggangan, are compacted mass of fuel
material made from mix of charcoal fines and binder,
and molded under pressure.

8
 According to Engr. Belen B. Bisana, charcoal
briquettes are easier to ignite, burn slowly and give
more intense heat per unit of volume and are almost
smokeless when they burn.

This study focuses on two different efficient fuel

substitutes, one from different biodegradable wastes
and the other from compacted paper. This present
work intends to compare both fuel substitutes in
commercialized charcoal and biomass in terms of their
chemical composition, efficiency as a source of energy
and effects on the environment.

9
Objectives of the
Study
E-Coal: Biodegradable Waste and Compacted Paper as
Alternative to Charcoal Briquettes
 This study seeks the feasibility of the E-
Coal Products as an alternative charcoal;
Moreover, it aims to:
1.) Determine the Physical Characteristics of
the Two E-Coal Products, in terms of:

Color
Brittleness
Density

2.) Determine the Chemical Characteristics

of the Two E-Coal Products, in terms of:

Moisture Content Sulfur Content

Volatile Matter Heating Value
Fixed Carbon Ash Content

11
 This study seeks the feasibility of the E-
Coal Products as an alternative charcoal;
Moreover, it aims to:
3.) Evaluate the Performance of the two
developed E-Coal Products, in terms of:

Number of minutes it takes to ignite the

charcoal
How long can the E-Coal Products burn
and be used
Number of Charcoal Briquettes needed to
boil 100 ml water

4.) Compare the Characteristics and

Performance of the Two E-Coal Products
and the Standard Wood Charcoal
12
Significance of the
Study
E-Coal: Biodegradable Waste and Compacted Paper as
Alternative to Charcoal Briquettes
 Some of the benefits of using agricultural wastes and paper as alternative
cooking fuel are described as follows:

⪢ Using the wastes as a fuel source slows the advance of deforestation by

eliminating the need to cut down trees for fuel wood.
⪢ Unlike wood, briquette charcoal can be smokeless fuel. The smoke
produced by wood fires in an indoor cooking environment can lead to
multiple respiratory illnesses.
⪢ Also, some of micro- enterprise can be formed around the production of
charcoal derived from agricultural waste and paper.

14
 In this research we will compare the effectiveness, physical and
chemical qualities of the two experimental charcoal made in
paper and agricultural waste. In this way we will able to know
which charcoal is more effective and don’t have negative
effects on health.

15
Conceptual
Framework
E-Coal: Biodegradable Waste and Compacted Paper as
Alternative to Charcoal Briquettes
 Conceptual Framework
Review and Related
Literature and Studies
Analyzing and
Conceptualization of
Methods

Availability of Resources

Characterization

Experimentation
Comparison and
Conlusion
17
Scope and
Limitations
E-Coal: Biodegradable Waste and Compacted Paper as
Alternative to Charcoal Briquettes
 This study will focus on determining and
comparing the effectiveness and the
characteristics of the use of agricultural wastes
and compacted papers as an alternative to
charcoal briquettes physically and chemically to
the commercialized charcoal by undergoing
tests.

The study will be conducted at Antipolo, Rizal

on a hot weather for the process in drying and
carbonizing the charcoal briquettes.

19
Review of Related
Literature and
Studies
E-Coal: Biodegradable Waste and Compacted Paper as
Alternative to Charcoal Briquettes
 Related Literature
Fuel from the Fields: Charcoal from Agricultural Waste by
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Open Courseware

FftF developed a method of producing charcoal from previously

unused agricultural waste products. All materials are available in the
developing world and the technology can be manufactured using
simple tools and welding equipment. Total equipment cost is 20
dollars up to 40 dollars.

21
 Related Literature
[Philippines] Paper Charcoal Making by Ramon Magsaysay
Elementary School, Aborlan, Palawan (2012)

The article also reveals that paper charcoal serves as a good alternative
fuel for cooking. Additionally, paper charcoal does not produce soot
like ordinary charcoals.

The process, according to the article, was to soak waste paper

overnight and form it into fist size balls which will the be left to dry in
the sun.

22
 Related Studies
Preparation of Charcoal using Agricultural Waste by W. Bogale
(2010)

Study conducted by Wondwossen Bogalen stated the characteristics of the

charcoal briquettes made out of Agricultural Waste (Dry leaves, Coffee Husk,
Sugarcane trash, Grass, etc.) made through cooking in a carbonizer and pressing
using a manual extruder.

The study also stated the comparisons of the alternative charcoal briquette from
agricultural waste to commercialized charcoal made from wood.

23
 Related Studies
Investigation of Bio-Waste as Alternative Fuel for Cooking by
Collins N. Nwaokocha and Solomon O. Giwa

The research was carried out using binders (starch and spent oil) and biomass
(rice husk and sawdust) to produce Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) often referred to
as pellets. Properties were determined for the RDF. .

Conclusively, the RDF seems to be a good substitute to wood as cooking fuel

and would also reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus save our environment
from effects of climate change.

24
 Related Studies
Fire Blocks: Paper as a Renewable Source of Kindle Fibers by E.
Comedis et.al (2017)

The study recommended using thin and non-glossy paper to form

briquettes, since thick papers are harder to break down while glossy
paper does not absorb water well.

25
 Related Studies
Feasibility of Biomass Briquette Production from Municipal
Waste Streams by Integrating the Informal Sector in the
Philippines (2017)

The quality of the biomass briquettes were measured. As a result, the briquettes
produced are ideal and feasible fuels for cooking and other heat-related
applications. It is stated that if the members of an organization would work
together, higher earnings would be generated.

26
Time Table
E-Coal: Biodegradable Waste and Compacted Paper as
Alternative to Charcoal Briquettes
 E-COAL
Group 9 Project Start: Sat, 6/15, 2019
STEM 12-7

TASK PROGRESS START END

Chapter 1,2,&3      
Proposal of
70% 6/15/19 6/22/19
Research Topic
Final Proposal of
100% 6/23/19 6/29/19
Research Topic
Presentation of
Related Literature 100% 6/30/19 7/6/19
and Studies
Presentation of
50% 7/7/19 7/13/19
Methodology
Approved
100% 7/14/19 7/22/19
Methodology

28
 E-COAL
Group 9 Project Start: Sat, 6/15, 2019
STEM 12-7

TASK PROGRESS START END

Defense      
Submission of Chapter 1&2 100% 7/23/19 8/2/19
Midterm Defense 50% 8/23/19 8/24/19
       
Charcoal Making      
Preparation of Materilas and Drying of Agri-waste   8/26/19 8/31/19
Making of Alternative Briquette Molder and
9/2/19 9/7/19
Carbonizer
Start of the Charcoal Making   9/9/19 9/18/19
Characterization of briquettes   9/19/19 9/19/28

29
 “ Don’t Give Up. Just Do it
-Nike

30