LIKHA – PROJECT PROPOSAL TEMPLATE

(1) PROJECT PROFILE

Project Title: DRIED MANGO LEAVES BRIQUETTE- AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL SOURCE
Names of Project Proponent/s: MALIT, ELISHA CHLOEE P., MIRANDA, CHAZTER DREW G.,
TULO, ANDREA NICOLE B.
Region: _________________________________
Division_________________________________
School: _________________________________ Grade Level: ____________________________
Project Duration (number of months): ___________________
Email: __________________________________ Contact number:
__________________________
(2) CATEGORY OF RESEARCH (4) THEME
_____ Physical Science _______Food Safety
 Life Science _______Water Conservation
_____ Robotics and Intelligent Machines _______Renewable Energy
_____Mathematics and Computational _______Cyber Security
Sciences _______Traffic / Road Congestion
_______Health
_______Disaster Mitigation
(3)  Agriculture and Environment.
____Individual _______Others (please specify)
 Team _____________________________

(5) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (not to exceed 200 words)

The rising world’s population and the industrial sector have led to greater need for
energy sources that is environmentally friendly and convenient to use. Charcoal
briquette is one of the renewable sources of fuel. This study was conducted to find
out the effectiveness of agricultural waste (mango dried leaves) in the production of
charcoal briquettes. The dried leaves were burned in a metal container and then
crushed, mixed with starch adhesives, molded, and sun dried. The mixture consists
of 2L of water (1.6 L of water for boiling and 400 ml of cold water), 250 grams of
cornstarch and 1 kg of charcoal powder.
(6) INTRODUCTION
(6.1) RATIONALE/SIGNIFICANCE (not to exceed 300 words)
Large-scale logging and conversion to fossil fuels have improved quality of life, but
have also caused many problems. Perhaps the most serious of these are harmful effects on
the environment and climate change, both of which affect human health and pollution. Also, it
is now clear that the non-renewable resource age of fossil fuels is progressively coming to an
end; oil will be the first to be depleted, followed by natural gas and coal (Mechanical
Engineering Department, Jimma University, 2009). One of the primary reason behind this
research is the need to address the environmental and health consequence risks associated
with solid fuel use as well as fuel wood and charcoal and also effective means of recycling
and managing agro wastes.
Biomass or agricultural wastes have a lot of energy abounding in them that can be
properly recycled and processed into useful products or used directly by burning them to
produce heat or indirectly by converting it to various biomass fuels (Thliza et al, 2020).
Biomass is widely available in rural areas. It is already used by the rural people as significant
source of energy primarily in the preparation of food.
Mangifera indica L. (mango trees), being considered evergreens undergo regular
abscission that happens many times a year to sustain its health and growth (Shah et al.,
2010). Dried mango leaves can be utilized as a renewable source of energy through charcoal
briquettes. These agro-waste charcoal briquettes can be used to produce alternative energy
sources. Therefore, energy supply will increase, while demand for non-renewable energy will
decrease.

(6.2) SCIENTIFIC BASIS/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK/MATHEMATICAL THEORY INVOLVED

 (6.3) OBJECTIVES
General: This study generally aims to provide an alternative source of energy that is more
environmentally friendly compared to wood charcoal.
Specific:

1. To provide an alternative source of energy fuel that is environmentally friendly.

2. To provide an alternative source of energy that is cheaper when it comes to manufacturing.
3. To lessen the agricultural waste in the community and use it as an alternative fuel source.

(7) REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Charcoal is a solid fuel used for heating and cooking that is made through the process
of carbonization, which is a long heating process that breaks down complex carbon
substances like wood or other biomass into carbon and other chemical compounds. Charcoal
production is important because it provides a source of income for locals who may otherwise
be unable to find job. In many poor areas, charcoal is the main source of energy.
 There are many types of charcoal and this include wood charcoal and charcoal
briquette. Wood charcoal is generated by heating wood to temperatures above 400° C in a
low-oxygen environment. The dry wood is divided into smaller pieces and stacked loosely
almost to the top of the charcoal chamber, after which the kiln is closed and insulated. In the
combustion chamber, a small fire is lit, and the chimney immediately begins to emit very
moist, low-temperature steam. While briquette is a material without plasticity and cannot be
molded into a shape without adding a binding material. It is a compressed block of coal dust,
charcoal dust, sawdust, wood chips, or biomass used as a fuel in stoves and boilers.

The decreasing of wood charcoal supply the used as fossil fuels has prompted
initiatives in the direction of optimal agricultural waste usage in the shape of reasonably
priced briquettes. The wood has been the common material used in charcoal production.
However, it has a lot of negative impacts on the environment. The most commonly cited
impact is deforestation or forest degradation. It also emits smoke which contributes to air
pollution. These problems will cause negative impacts not only in our environment but also in
human health.

Mango dried leaves are commonly seen on our community especially on rural areas.
Dried mango leaves can be used in the production of briquette. This alternative source of
energy will benefit the people in the community and also the environment. Dried mango
leaves briquette is easy to light, produces little smoke or sparks during combustion, and is
harmless. The briquette is chemical-free. It also has a long burn period and produces less
smoke compared to wood charcoal.
(8) METHODOLOGY

The procedures in creating and testing of the briquettes are as follows:

Preparation of Raw Materials. Dried mango leaves will be collected around the area of
Bulaon, San Fernando, Pampanga. The selected materials will be sundried to reduce the
moisture content. The leaves will be burned in a metal can of approximately 40 cm in height
and 35 cm in diameter and the lid will be left closed after it produces a thick smoke.
Crushing and Sieving. The biomass material will be crushed to fine particles and sieved using
a mesh strainer. Using a weighing scale, 1 kg of the finely pulverized charcoal powder will be
set aside for further processing.

Binder Preparation. Corn starch will be used as a binder. The 250 g corn starch will be
dissolved in 400 ml of cold water to thicken the liquid, and will be gradually mixed with the
1.6L of boiling water.

Mixing and Drying. The 1 kg charcoal powder will be poured into a container and be mixed
with the binder. The mixture will be molded and sun dried for 48 hours.
(9) EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS

This research study proposes a more convenient and environmentally friendly

alternative source of energy. The burning time of the dried mango leaves briquette can last
longer than a wood charcoal. It does not release thick smoke and it produced less ash. The
briquette is also low-cost.

This study minimizes the agricultural waste by converting it into biomass briquettes.
The production of dried mango leaves briquette will lessen the environmental problems such
as air pollution, improper waste disposal, and the effect of deforestation which also causes
negative impacts to human beings, The dried mango leaves briquette can be an alternative
fuel source as the price of fuels are continuously increasing.

(10) WORK PLAN AND TARGET DELIVERABLES

DATE: ACTIVITIES/ TARGET ACCOMPLISHMENTS/OUTPUTS REMARKS
DELIVERABLES (ACCOMPLISHMENT BASED ON (OTHER ACCOMPLISHMENT NOT
THE PLAN) REFLECTED ON THE PLAN)

06-01-22 -Topic selection -Title already made -Draft of research

-Writing initial proposal -Gathering of related studies
08-31-22 - Planning on research - Plans for the study are prepared. -Listing the materials needed
study - Finishing the introduction of the the
- Create introduction for the study
study.
09-31-22 - Creating the product - Sample of the dried mango leaves
briquettes are created
 10-28-22 -Gathering additional data - Data gathered
-Testing the created - Briquettes are observed
briquettes

11-31-22 - Write the whole paper Draft research proposal

12-30-22 - Submitting draft research -The study was presented to the

proposal teacher incharge
May - Revision of the paper -Samples are created and observed -Compare the dried mango leaves
01-31-23 - create another sample of briquette and wood charcoal
charcoal briquette

02-10-23 - Submit research paper - Finalized paper -Create PowerPoint presentation

(11) REFERENCES

[1] Bogale, W. “Preparation Of Charcoal Using Agricultural Wastes | Ethiopian Journal of

Education and Sciences.” Preparation Of Charcoal Using Agricultural Wastes | Ethiopian
Journal of Education and Sciences, www.ajol.info, 1 Jan. 2009, https://doi.org/Preparation Of
Charcoal Using Agricultural Wastes | Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences.

[2] Kongprasert, Nattapong N/A, et al. “Charcoal Briquettes from Madan Wood Waste as an
Alternative Energy in Thailand - ScienceDirect.” Charcoal Briquettes from Madan Wood
Waste as an Alternative Energy in Thailand - ScienceDirect, www.sciencedirect.com, 23 Apr.
2019, https://doi.org/Charcoal Briquettes from Madan Wood Waste as an Alternative Energy
in Thailand - ScienceDirect.
[3] Sunardi, Sunardi, et al. ``Characteristics of Charcoal Briquettes from Agricultural Waste
with Compaction Pressure and Particle Size Variation as Alternative Fuel | Sunardi |
International Energy Journal.” Characteristics of Charcoal Briquettes from Agricultural Waste
with Compaction Pressure and Particle Size Variation as Alternative Fuel | Sunardi |
International Energy Journal, www.rericjournal.ait.ac.th, 30 Aug. 2019,
http://www.rericjournal.ait.ac.th/index.php/reric/article/view/2199/719.

[4] Suryaningsih, S., et al. “Combustion Quality Analysis of Briquettes from Variety of
Agricultural Waste as Source of Alternative Fuels - IOPscience.” Combustion Quality Analysis
of Briquettes from Variety of Agricultural Waste as Source of Alternative Fuels - IOPscience,
iopscience.iop.org, 1 May 2017, https://doi.org/Combustion quality analysis of briquettes from
variety of agricultural waste as source of alternative fuels - IOPscience.

[5] Thliza, B. A., Abdulrahman, F. I., Akan, J. C., Chellube, Z. M., & Kime, B. (2020).
Determination of Compressive Strength and Combustibility Potential of Agricultural Waste
Briquette. Chemical Science International Journal, 29(1), 30-46.
https://doi.org/10.9734/CSJI/2020/v29i130156.

[6] Uzoma, Nnaji, and Chukwu. “(PDF) FUEL BRIQUETTES TECHNOLOGY CAN SAVE
NIGERIA’S TREES.” ResearchGate, www.researchgate.net, 0 Jan. 2011,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215909832_FUEL_BRIQUETTES_TECHNOLOGY
_CAN_SAVE_NIGERIA’S_TREES.
[7] QUARTEY, EBO TAWIAH. “(PDF) Briquetting Agricultural Waste as an Energy Source in
Ghana.” ResearchGate, www.researchgate.net, 0 July 2011,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259935477_Briquetting_agricultural_waste_as_an_
energy_source_in_Ghana.

[8] Ycaza, S. R. and Barre, J. T. (2018). Charcoal Briquettes Manufactured from Dried
MangoLeaves (DML)– An Alternative Solid Fuel Source. Ciencia 37, 13-24. Retrieved from
www.wmsu.edu.ph/research_journal