Basic First Aid for

Medical Emergencies
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911
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•First-degree burns are
considered mild compared to
other burns. They result in pain
and reddening of the epidermis
(outer layer of the skin).

•Second-degree burns (partial
thickness burns) affect the
epidermis and the dermis (lower
layer of skin). They cause pain,
redness, swelling, and blistering.

•Third-degree burns (full
thickness burns) go through the
dermis and affect deeper tissues.
They result in white or blackened,
charred skin that may be numb.
1st Degree Burn 2nd Degree Burn

3rd Degree Burn

• Fourth-degree burns. This type of burn
includes all of the symptoms of a third-
degree burn and also extends beyond the
skin into tendons and bones.

• Icing a burn wound can cause

frostbite to an already damaged
and sensitive skin area. It’s better
to run the burn wound under
running cool water and cover the
area with clean gauze without
ointment. 
 Heart Attack
• Call 911
• Make victim comfortable
• Loosen tight clothing
• Check for medication
• Keep victim still
• Don’t give stimulants

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 Choking

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If Abdominal
Thrusts Don’t Work
• Call 911
• Finger sweep
• Abdominal thrusts
• Check ABCs
• Perform CPR if
not breathing
 Electrical Shock
Don’t touch!
Turn power off
Call 911
Remove person
from live wire
Check for breathing

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 Match the problem with the correct first-aid procedure.

Bleeding CPR
Choking Elevate feet
No breathing Keep victim still
Heart attack Direct pressure

Shock Abdominal thrusts

Sweeten deal

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 Heat Exhaustion
• Move to cool place
• Lay victim down
• Elevate feet
• Loosen clothing
• Give fluids
• Apply cool compresses

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 Eye Injuries
• Splashes
• Particles in eye
• Blow to eye
• Cuts near eye
• Penetrating objects

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 Multiple choice

Which is the worst a. First degree

kind of burn? b. Third degree
For a particle in a. Flush with water
the eye: b. Rub eye
For inhalation of a. Induce vomiting
vapors or gases: b. Move to fresh air
For heatstroke: a. Call 911
b. Don’t call 911

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Key Points to Remember

•Medical emergencies can happen anytime.

•Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
•Consider being certified in first aid
and CPR.