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Brunner-Emmett-Teller Theory: Presented By: Tehseen Zehra Uswa Zahra Muntaha Nasir Summayya Shafique
Brunner-Emmett-Teller Theory: Presented By: Tehseen Zehra Uswa Zahra Muntaha Nasir Summayya Shafique
Dissolution
rates
Catalytic Material
activity characterization
Moisture
Shelf life
retention
What can be measured by using this technique?
• Homogeneous surface
• No lateral interactions between molecules
• Uppermost layer is in equilibrium with vapour phase
• First and Higher layer: Heat adsorption
• All surface sites have same adsorption energy for adsorbate
• Adsorption on the adsorbent occurs in infinite layers
• The theory can be applied to each layer
Factors Affects the Surface Area
• Breakdown of particles
• Dissolution
• Decomposition
• Synthesis and processing
Process of BET
• In BET surface area analysis, nitrogen is usually used because of its availability in high
purity and its strong interaction with most solids.
• Known amounts of nitrogen gas are then released stepwise into the sample cell.
• Relative pressures less than atmospheric pressure is achieved by creating conditions of
partial vacuum.
• After the saturation pressure, no more adsorption occurs regardless of any further
increase in pressure.
• After the adsorption layers are formed, the sample is removed from the nitrogen
atmosphere and heated to cause the adsorbed nitrogen to be released from the material
and quantified.
Sample preparation
• Weigh of the sample
• Before measurement sample should be degassed
o To remove water and other contaimination.
o At high temperature
o With some vacuum conditions
How does BET work?
• Removable sample cell
• Dosing manifold
• Pressure transducers
• Vacuum system
• Analysis gas
• Valves to move gas in and out of manifold and sample cell –
• Sample thermostat (dewar, furnace)
Schematic representation of BET
instrumentation
Purpose/benefit
not
Nitrogen 77 K ✓ ✓ ✓
recommended
IUPAC
Argon 87 K ✓ ✓ ✓
recommendation
✓ (low surface
Krypton 77 K – – –
area)
Type 3:
Shows the formation of a multilayer.
Because there is no asymptote in the
curve,
no monolayer is formed and BET is not
applicable.
Type 4:
BET surface area characterization of meso
porous materials, which are materials with pore
diameters between 2 - 50 nm, gives this type of
isotherm.
• Catalysis
• Surface Area of Nanomaterials by BET analysis
• Specific Surface Area of Materials
• Surface area of Cement
Conclusion