REINFORCING STEEL

PRESENTED BY:
Vishal Bhongale – 241023
Anil Bhuse – 241025
Rajesh Dighewar – 241044
Sujit Hedulkar- 241057
Nilesh Jagadale – 241059
REINFORCING STEEL
 HISTORY OF STEEL

•Steel was discovered by the Chinese in 202 BC.

•Around 9th century AD, the smiths in the Middle East developed techniques to
produce sharp and flexible steel blades.

•In the 17th century, smiths in Europe came to know about a new process of
cementation to produce steel.
Steel Manufacturing Process:
 Features
 Long-term corrosion resistance.

 Excellent prevent to salt damage.

 Excellent impact resistance, bendability and

adhesion.

 Excellent bond strength to concrete.

 USES OF REINFORCING STEEL
 Construction of roads and Railways.

 Buildings.

 Stadiums and skyscrapers

 Bridges and airports.

 Structure supported by a steel skeleton.

 Offshore construction
GLOBAL STEEL PRODUCTION
 MAJOR PLAYERS
Public Sector

 STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA

 RASHTRIYA ISPAT NIGAM

LTD. (RINL)

 HINDUSTAN STEELWORKS
CONSTRUCTION LTD. (HSCL)

 MECON LTD.
 Private Sector

 TATA STEEL LTD.

 ESSAR STEEL LTD. (ESL)

 JSW STEEL LTD.

 ISPAT INDUSTRIES LTD. (IIL)

 Production of steel in 2009
COMPANY PRODUCTION IN MARKET
STEEL SHARE

SAIL 13.5 32%

TISCO 5.2 11%

RNIL 3.5 8%

ESSAR 8.4 19%

OTHERS 14.5 30%

TOTAL 45.1 100%

 Field Tests
Field Test Details Required Details

1) TOR Steel “TOR” Marking Should be Rolled on

every Mtr. Length.
2) Pitch Of Twist Bar 8 to 12 times of nominal Dia. In MM.

3) Colour Steel Grey

4) Rusting No Rusting

5) Bending test for Hardness Smoothly Bend & not Develop any
Cracks while bending
6) Length Of bar 11 to 12 m/Bar
 Laboratory Tests
Sr. Laboratory Test Relevant I.S.Code Physical
No Requirement

1) Elongation 1786-1979 Not Less than 14.5%

(2nd Revision)

2) 0.2%Proof Stress 1786-1979 Not Less than

(2nd Revision) 415 N/mm2

3) Tensile Strength 1786-1979 Minimum 15%

More than the
Actual 0.2%Stress
 Universal Testing Machine

Components
 Load frame
 Load Cell-for measuring the load
 Cross head-controlled to move up
or down.
 Extensometer
 Output device-dial or digital displays
 PROCEDURE FOR TESTING
Tensile Test
 In this method and increasing load is applied to the
specimen at a uniform rate.
 The load at which there is a halt or hesitation of the
load indicating pointer is noted and termed the
“yield point”.
 The stress at this point is computed and termed the
yield stress.
 Calculate the yield stress by dividing the load at the
“yield point” by the nominal cross-sectional area of
the test specimen
 PROCEDURE FOR TESTING

Elongation
 Fit the ends of the fractured specimen together
carefully and measure the distance between the
gage marks to the nearest 1/8" (0.32 cm).
 The elongation is the increase in length of the
gage length, expressed as a percentage of the
original gage length.
 In reporting elongation values, give both the
percentage increase and the original gage
length.
 UTM Manufacturer
 Amcor Engineering, Pune

 International Equipments, Mumbai

 Altop Industries Ltd., Vadodara

 Acme Engineers, Pune

 Systems & Controls, Mumbai

THANK YOU