2 - WCDMA Power Control

Internal
OWJ200107 WCDMA
Power Control
ISSUE 1.0 www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Power Control Overview
Chapter 2 open loop Power Control
Chapter 3 closed loop Power Control
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 2

Purpose of uplink power control
 Uplink transmission character

 Self-interference
 Capacity is limited by interference
 Near-far effect
 Fading
 Uplink power control

 Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power
 Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity
 Solve the near-far effect
 Save UE transmission power

Purpose of downlink power control
 Downlink transmission character

 Interference among different subscribers since the orthogonality is
influenced by transmission environment
 Interference from other adjacent cells
 Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power
 Fading
 Downlink power control

 Ensure Downlink quality with minimum transmission power
 Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity
 Save NodeB transmission power

The Relationship between Transmitted Power and
Received Power after Power Control Methods Introduced
20
Channel
15 Transmitted power
Received power
10
Relative power (dB)
-5
-10
-15
-20
0 200 400 600 800
Time (ms)
Power Control Classification
 Power control classification ：
 open loop power control
 closed loop power control
− Uplink inner-loop power control
− Downlink inner-loop power control
− Uplink outer-loop power control
− Downlink outer-loop power control

Power control methods adopted for various physical
channels
 Power control methods adopted for various physical channels
 “Y" – can be applied, "–" – not applied
Open loop Inner loop Outer loop No power control process,

Physical power power power power is specified by
channel control control Control upper layers.
DPDCH － Y Y －
DPCCH Y Y Y －
PCCPCH －－－ Y
SCCPCH －－－ Y
PRACH Y －－－
AICH －－－ Y
PICH －－－ Y


2.1 open loop power control overview
2.2 PRACH open loop power control
2.3 DPCCH open loop power control

open loop Power Control Overview
 Purpose
 UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation path

by measuring the downlink channel signals, then calculates the
transmission power of the uplink channel
 principle
 Path loss of the uplink channel is related to path loss of the

downlink channel

open loop Power Control Overview
 Disadvantage
 This power control method is rather rough

 Application scenarios
 In a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually more serious

than that caused by propagation loss.
 open loop power control is applied only at the beginning of connection
setup, generally in setting the initial power value.

Chapter 2 Open Power Control

open loop Power Control of PRACH
One access slot

Acq.
AICH access Ind.
slots RX at UE

p-a
PRACH access Pre- Pre- Message part
amble amble
slots TX at UE
 
p-p p-m

open loop Power Control of PRACH
 The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop power control:
Preamble_Initial_Power
= PCPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL
interference + Constant Value

open loop power control of PRACH
Pp-m
Power Ramp Step
Preable_Initial_
power
10ms/20ms
NO. Parameter Parameter meaning

1 Power Offset Pp-m The power offset of the last access preamble and message control part. This
value plus the access preamble power is the power of the control part
2 Constant Value This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate the
initial transmission power of PRACH according to the open loop power
3 PRACH Power Ramp Step This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the UE has not
received the capture indication from NodeB
4 Preamble Retrans Max This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times of the UE
within a preamble ramp cycle

open loop power control of PRACH
Application scenarios
Node B Serving
UE
Serving RNS RNC
1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request

RRC RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
2. Radio Link Setup Request

NBAP NBAP
open loop power
control of PRACH Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP NBAP
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
5. Downlink Synchronization
DCH - FP DCH - FP
6. Uplink Synchronization
DCH - FP DCH - FP
Start TX
description
7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up
RRC RRC
8. Radio Link Restore Indication
NBAP NBAP
9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

RRC RRC


open loop power control of DL DPCCH
 The DL DPDCH open loop power control can be calculated by the

following formula:
P=(Ec/Io)Req-CPICH_Ec/Io + CPICH_Power
 Parameters explanation
 (Ec/Io)req is the required Ec/Io, which should ensure that UE can receive
the message from the dedicated channel correctly
 CPICH_Ec/Io is measured by UE, then it is sent to UTRAN by RACH
 CPICH_Power is the transmission power of CPICH

open loop power control of DL DPCCH
UE Node B Serving
Serving RNS RNC

RRC RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
NBAP NBAP
Start RX
description
NBAP NBAP

open loop power
control of DPCCH DCH - FP DCH - FP
DCH - FP DCH - FP
Start TX
description

RRC RRC
NBAP NBAP

RRC RRC

open loop power control of UL DPCCH
 The UL DPCCH open loop power control can be calculated by

the following formula:
DPCCH_Initial_Power
= DPCCH_Power_Offset - CPICH_RSCP

open loop power control of UL DPCCH
UE Node B Serving
Serving RNS RNC

RRC RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
NBAP NBAP
Start RX
description
NBAP NBAP
open loop power DCH - FP DCH - FP
control of DPCCH DCH - FP

DCH - FP
Start TX
description
RRC RRC
NBAP NBAP

RRC RRC


3.1 closed loop power control overview
3.2 Uplink inner loop power control
3.3 Downlink inner loop power control
3.4 Outer loop power control

closed loop power control overview
 The characteristics of open loop power control
 The results from open loop power control are not accurate
enough
 open loop power control can only decide the initial power
 The advantages of closed loop power control
 Guarantee the QoS

 Decrease the interference
 Increase the system capacity

closed loop power control overview
Ensure the
QoS with
minimum
Outer loop Inner loop power
BLERmea>BLERtar→SIRtar SIRmea>SIRtar→TPC=0
BLERtar BLERmea<BLERtar→SIRtar SIRtar SIRmea<SIRtar→ TPC=1

TPC
Until Until
BLERmea=BLERtar SIRmea=SIRtar TPC=0 Power
TPC=1 Power


Uplink-inner loop power control
 NodeB compares the measured SIR to the preset target SIR
Compare SIRmeas with SIRtar TPC Decision

SIRmea>SIRtar→TPC=0 (0 ， 1)
SIRmea<SIRtar→ TPC=1 1500Hz PCA1
PCA2
TPC_CMD
Inner-loop （ -1, 0, 1 ）
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC Adjust DPCCH Tx
NodeB △ DPCCH=△tpc×TPC_cmd
UE
Each UE has
Adjust DPDCH Tx
its own loop
(βc,βd)

Uplink inner-loop PCA1 without soft handover
 UE gets one TPC in each time slot
 If TPC=0, TPC_cmd= -1
 If TPC=1, TPC_cmd= 1
TPC …… 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 ……
TPC_CMD …… -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 ……
This control is done in each time slot

Power control frequency is 1500HZ

Uplink inner-loop PCA1 with soft handover
CELL1 CELL2
Each time slot, combine TPC from
different RLS ， then get Wi RL11 RL12
RLS1
Get TPC_cmd based on

TPC_cmd = γ (W1, W2, … WN) RLS2 RLS3
CELL3 CELL4
…… ……
RLS1-TPC (W1) 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
…… ……
RLS2-TPC (W2) 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
…… ……
RLS3-TPC (W3) 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
…… ……
TPC_CMD 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

CELL1 CELL2
Each time slot, combine TPC from
different RLS ， then get Wi RL11 RL12
RLS1
Get TPC_cmd based on

TPC_cmd = γ (W1, W2, … WN) RLS2 RLS3
CELL3 CELL4
…… ……
RLS1-TPC (W1) 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
…… ……
RLS2-TPC (W2) 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
…… ……
RLS3-TPC (W3) 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
…… ……
TPC_CMD 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Uplink inner-loop PCA2 Without soft handover
10ms/frame
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

TPC
…… TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14
……
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
…… 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ……
TPC_CMD
Transmission power will be controlled in each 5 time slots

The frequency is 300HZ

Uplink inner-loop PCA2 With soft handover
Combine TPC from same

RLS in each time slot
CELL1 CELL2
Calculate TPC_tempi for each RLS
If
RL11 RL12
5 TPC are all 1, TPC_temp i=1
RLS1
If 5 TPC are all 0, TPC_temp i=-1
Otherwise, TPC_tempi =0
RLS2 RLS3
Calculate TPC_cmd
1 N CELL3 CELL4
 TPC _ tempi  0.5
N i 1
TPC_CMD=1
1 N
 TPC _ tempi  0.5
N i 1
TPC_CMD=-1
Otherwise TPC_CMD=0

10ms/frame
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
TPC
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14
RLS1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
…… ……
RLS2
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
RLS3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
TPC_tempi
RLS1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
…… ……
RLS2
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
RLS3
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
TPC_CMD
…… ……
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
Power is controlled in each 5 time slots

The power control frequency is 300HZ
Comparison between PCA1 and PCA2
 The control frequency
 TPC1, the power control frequency is 1500Hz
 TPC2, the power control frequency is 300Hz


Downlink closed loop power control
Measure and compare BLER L3
1500Hz 10-100Hz
Outer loop
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Inner loop L1
Measure and compare SIR

NodeB

Downlink Inner loop power control
L3
1500Hz
Set SIRtar
Transmit TPC in each TS
Adjust Tx power
NodeB Measure SIR and compare
with 0.5, 1, 1 or 2dB
it with SIRtar

Downlink inner loop power control
How to generate TPC
 When UE is not in soft handover
 The TPC which is generated by UE is transmitted in TPC domain

of UL channel
 When UE is in soft handover, two power control modes can be used,
which is decided by DPC_mode:
 DPC_MODE ＝ 0 ， UE will transmit TPC in every slot
 DPC_MODE ＝ 1 ， UE will transmit the same TPC in every three
time slot
 When the downlink channel is in out of synchronization, UE will
transmit TPC 1 because UE can not measure the downlink SIR

Downlink inner-loop power control
How to adjust power
 Downlink power adjustment:
Pk  Pk  1  P TPC k  P bal k

Where
P(k-1) is power of previous
PTPC(k) is the adjustment
Pbal(k) is correction value
 The transmission power can not higher than Maximum_DL_Power, and not
less than Minimum_DL_Power neither.

How to adjust power
 PTPC(k)
 Without “Limited Power Raise Used”
 Δ TPC if TPC est (k )  1

PTPC (k )  
 Δ TPC if TPC est (k )  0
Where
PTPC(k) is the adjustment value
TPCest(k) is uplink TPC value
△TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or

2dB)

 PTPC(k)
 With “Limited Power Raise Used”
 TPC if TPCest (k )  1 and  sum (k )  TPC  Power_Raise_Limit


PTPC (k )   0 if TPCest (k )  1 and  sum (k )  TPC  Power_Raise_Limit
  if TPCest (k )  0
 TPC
k 1
Where  sum ( k )  P TPC (i )
i  k  DL _ Power _ Averaging _ Window _ Size 1
PTPC(k) is the adjustment value
TPCest(k) is uplink TPC value
△TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2dB)

Power_Raise_Limit: the limited value for Power ramping in a timer
DL_power_averaging_window_size ： timer for power ramping (TS)


Downlink Power Balance
 Downlink power balance process
 SRNC can monitor every single

NodeB’s transmission. If SRNC found
the power offset in soft handover is
excessive, it will initiate the DPB
process
 The initiation and stop of DPB Initiate the
DPB process
 The power offset of two RLs is greater NodeB
NodeB
than the DPB initial threshold, the
DPB process is initiated
 The power offset of two RLs is less DPB process
than the DPB stop threshold, the DPB
process is stopped


Outer loop power control
 The character of outer loop power control
 The QoS which NAS provides to CN is BLER, not SIR

 The relationship between inner loop power control and outer loop
power control
 SIRtar should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding
correctly. But different multi-path radio environments request
different SIR
 Therefore, the outer loop power control can adjust the SIR to get a
stable BLER in the changeable radio environment

Uplink outer loop power control
Measure received data and

compare BLER in the TrCH Measure and compare SIR
Out loop Inner-loop
Set SIRtar Transmit TPC

Set BLERtar
10-100Hz
RNC NodeB UE

Downlink outer loop power control
Measure and compare BLER L3
1500Hz 10-100Hz
Outer
loop set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Inner loop L1
NodeB Measure and compare SIR

SIR target adjustment step
 BLERmeas  BLERt arg et 

SIRtar   SIRAdjustcoefficient * SIRAdjustStep * 
 BLERt arg et 
Where
SirAdjustStep: Outer loop power control adjustment step
SirAdjustcoefficient : Coefficient for outer loop power control
BLERest: Estimated BLER
BLERtar: Target BLER

 Uplink outer loop power control command transmit to NodeB
through DCH-FP of Iub interface
Node B SRNC

……

Thank You
www.huawei.com

2 - WCDMA Power Control

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ISSUE 1.0 www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

Chapter 2 open loop Power Control

Chapter 3 closed loop Power Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 2

 Uplink transmission character

 Capacity is limited by interference

 Uplink power control

 Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity

 Solve the near-far effect

 Save UE transmission power

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 3

 Downlink transmission character

 Interference from other adjacent cells

 Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power

 Downlink power control

 Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity

 Save NodeB transmission power

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 4

 Power control classification ：

 open loop power control

 closed loop power control

− Uplink inner-loop power control

− Downlink inner-loop power control

− Uplink outer-loop power control

− Downlink outer-loop power control

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 “Y" – can be applied, "–" – not applied

Open loop Inner loop Outer loop No power control process,

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Chapter 2 open loop Power Control

Chapter 3 closed loop Power Control

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2.1 open loop power control overview

2.2 PRACH open loop power control

2.3 DPCCH open loop power control

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 UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation path

 Path loss of the uplink channel is related to path loss of the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 10

 This power control method is rather rough

 In a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually more serious

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 11

2.1 open loop power control overview

2.2 PRACH open loop power control

2.3 DPCCH open loop power control

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One access slot

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Power Ramp Step

NO. Parameter Parameter meaning

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1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request

2. Radio Link Setup Request

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

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2.1 open loop power control overview

2.2 PRACH open loop power control

2.3 DPCCH open loop power control