Topic: The concept of society

Assignment no.2
SOCIOLOGY( 9410)
Submitted to: Sir Azhar Waqar
Submitted by: Pioneers
Komal Munir
Kashmala Aqdas
Saba Naseer
Alishba Rizwan
Eman Arif
 1:DEFINITION
• A society is a group of
people who participate
in continuing social
interactions, or a large
social group that shares
the same physical or
social territory and is
usually governed by the
same political power
and cultural norms.
• Patterns of relationships
(social relations)
between individuals
who share a common
culture and institutions
define societies.
2: BASIC ELEMENTS
There are six basic elements of society which
are as under:
1.Likeness
members in a social group is the primary
basis of their mutuality.  Likeness means
mutuality, and that means Society.

2. The Reciprocal Awareness

Likeness is generative of reciprocity. The
problem of likes and dislikes was
concomitant to the social growth. All social
action is based on reciprocal response. This
alone, makes possible, the we-feeling.

3. Differences
The economic structure of society is based
upon division of labor in which the
professions and economic activities of
people are different or dissimilar. The culture
of society prospers with the differences in
thoughts ideals, viewpoints, etc. No two
individuals are alike in their nature.
4. Interdependence:
Society implies interdependence. It is
another essential element to
constitute society. It is not possible
for human being to satisfy his desire
in isolation.

5. Cooperation:
Cooperation is also another essential
element to constitute society.
Without cooperation, no society can
exist. If the members of the society
do not work together for the
common purposes, they cannot lead
a happy and comfortable life.

6. Conflict:
Conflict is an ever present
phenomenon present in every
human society. Not only cooperation
but also conflict in necessary for the
formation of society. They must
coexist in a healthy society. Conflict is
3.LEVELS OF SOCIETY
Many sociologists suggest five levels of
society which are given below:

1.Upper Class – Elite:

Represent institutional leadership,
heads of multinational corporations,
foundations, universities Capitalist
elite – owners of lands, stocks and
bonds and other assets – wealth
derived from what they own.

2.Upper Middle Class:

Represent scientific and technical
knowledge – engineers, accountants,
lawyers, architects, university faculty,
managers and directors of public and
private organizations.
3.Lower Middle Class.
• Clerical-administrative
• Provide support for professionals
• Engage in data collection., record-
keeping
• Paralegals.\, bank tellers, sales
• Blue-collar workers in skilled trades
4.Working Class
• Craft workers
• Laborers in factories
• Restaurant workers
• Nursing home staff
• Repair shops, garages
• Delivery services
5.Poor 
• Working poor – work full-time at
wages below poverty line
• Social services
• Underclass
 4.TYPES OF SOCIETY
 Following are the types of society :
1. Hunting and gathering societies:
Societies that rely primarily or exclusively on hunting wild animals, fishing,
and gathering wild fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables to support their
diet.
2. pastoral societies
A pastoral society is a nomadic group of people who travel with a herd of
domesticated animals, which they rely on for food.
3. Agricultural societies:
agricultural society, is any community whose economy is based on
producing and maintaining crops and farmland.
4. Industrial societies:
industrial society is a society driven by the use of technology to enable
mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for
division of labor.