UNIT 1

COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING
 VOCABULARY
• Core • Chaos
• Properly • Spoiled
• Oriented • Extent
• Objective • Due care
• Adhere • Ensure
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Computerized Accounting for Your Company
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Reading Passage
Computerized Accounting for Your Company

Accounting is the core of any business. It is a process which

gives you the information about the financial stability of your
business. Each and every transaction that takes place within your
organization has to be recorded properly. Without a proper
Accounting system, no business can survive in this data oriented
world. Accounts data helps to analyze the financial position of the
organization, and plan well for future activities. It helps its investors
to understand more about the company's financial objectives.
 Unit 1
Reading Passage

Accounting is based on some standards and these are known

Accounting Standards. Every Organization must adhere to these
Accounting Standards. If one organization fails to adhere to these
well-defined Accounting Standards, then it will result in complete
chaos within the organization and will spoil the reputation of the
company.
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Reading Passage
With the arrival of Computerized Accounting Software,
adhering to Accounting Standards has become easy. Accounting
Software is built upon Accounting Standards and this makes all the
entries made to it follow these standards to some extent. But due
care has to be taken while entering transactions, as wrong Account
Heads selected can again make problems. In Accounting software,
each Account Head is defined under different main groups. When
you define these Account Heads proper care has to be taken to
ensure that these Account Heads falls under the right group. If this
is not the case, then your financial results will show unexpected
losses or profits, which is far beyond the reality.
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 Reading comprehension
Decide whether the statements below true or false.

1. Accounting hides the information about the

financial condition of someone’s business.
2. It is necessarily to record each and every
transaction that takes place within an organization.
3. In order to comprehend the financial goals of an
organization the shareholders analyze the accounts
data.
4. Accounting Standards are not something that an
organization should pay attention to.
5. Disorder will happen within an organization if it doesn’t
ignore to the accounting Standards.
6. Adhering to Accounting Standards is no longer a big
problem after the creation of Computerized Accounting
Software.
7. Accounting Software is constructed based on Accounting
Standards to make the entries to follow these standards.
8. Choosing perfect Account Head while entering transactions
can cause troubles.
9. In Accounting software, every Account Head is classified
under general main groups.
10. We inaccurately define the Account Heads falls under the
right group properly to avoid unexpected financial result.
 Match the following words

Core Preferred
Properly Stick on
Oriented Make certain
Objective Destroy
Adhere Appropriately
Chaos Suitable care
Spoil Disorder
Extent Center
Due Care Amount
Ensure Goal
 Grammar point-warming up

 Accidentally miscalculated the final report to the

board.
 My best friend always helpful with problems.
 Each day practiced the piano for hours.
 The new students in the class very talkative and
friendly.

Do you think the “sentences” above are correct?

 Unit 1
Grammar point-warming up
 My niece accidentally miscalculated the final report
to the board.
 My best friend is always helpful with problems.
 Each day Beethoven practiced the piano for hours.
 The new students in the class are very talkative and
friendly.
They are now sentences because each of them has a
subject and a verb.
 Unit 1
Grammar point

Subject and Predicate

A sentence in English should at least has a subject and a

predicate (a verb).

The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about,

while the predicate (verb) tells something about the
subject.
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Subject
The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.
For example:
- David practices speaking English every day.
- The employer interviewed all the candidates.
- She is a really nice person.
- Scissors are used to cut the jeans.
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To determine the subject of a sentence, first isolate the
predicate and then make a question by placing
"who?" or "what?" before it.

- Who practices speaking English every day?

=> David
- What is used to cut the jeans?
=> Scissors
 Unit 1
The subject of a sentence is the part of a
sentence (Noun, Pronoun, or Noun Phrase)
that performs an action or which is associated
with the action.
A subject is a word function in a sentence. (The
chief (Subject) is bald.)
A noun is a word class, a part of speech (noun,
verb, adjective, adverb, preposition,
conjunction, interjection). (The chief (Noun) is
bald.)
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The word class or the part of speech of Subject:

- Economics is an interesting subject.

Noun
- She was given an award by the committee.
Pronoun
- Japanese people enjoy a high standard of living.
Noun Phrase
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Forms of Subject

 A determinerless noun phrase, also called a bare

noun phrase (usually mass noun).
Builders are at work.
 A noun phrase introduced by a determiner. This
“determiner + noun phrase” is usually called a
determiner phrase.
The fancy car stopped outside our house.
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 A gerund.
Eating is a pleasure.
Flying makes me nervous.
 An infinitive.
To read is easier than to write.
 A full clause which contains a subject and a
predicate, introduced by the complementizer that.
That he had travelled around the world was known
by everyone.
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 A direct quotation.
I love you is often heard these days.

 An expletive. These are words like it or there when

they don't refer to any thing or place. For example in
the following sentence "it" doesn't refer to anything.
It rains.
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 A cataphoric it. This is the use of it when it is co-
referent with a subordinate clause that comes after
it.
It was known by everyone that he had travelled
around the world.

 The subject can also be implied. In the following

command, the subject is the implied "you" that is the
recipient of the imperative mood.
Take out the trash! (You take out the trash!)
 Unit 1
Predicate
The predicate tells an action, an occurrence, or a state
of being of a subject. The predicate is always the
verb or verbs that links up with the subject.
For example:
We continue to shape our personality all our life.
A piece of chocolate candy would taste great.
He is a hard-worker.
The students seem happy.
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Predicate/Verb

The predicate is the part of the sentence that contains

a verb or verb phrase.
English verbs fall into two main types:
- Main verbs/action verbs (also full verbs)
calculate, give, build, invent, dig, explore
- Linking verbs (also auxiliary verbs, helping verbs)
am, are, is, was, were, look, become, seem
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- Main verbs/action verbs (also full verbs)
Local government only employ certified IT
practitioners.
- Linking verbs (also auxiliary verbs, helping verbs)
The certified IT practitioners’ work is satisfying.
 Unit 1
Grammar Point exercises
Read the article “Computerized Accounting for Your Company”
once again. After that determine all the subjects and all the
predicates (verbs) in that passage. Underline each subjects once
and the predicates (verbs) twice in each of the sentences!
 Unit 1
Subject and Predicate Exercises
Underline the subjects and the predicates (verbs) in each of the
following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C)
or incorrect (I)!
1. The development of information technology impacts significantly
on accounting practice.
2. Computer-based information systems extremely important.
3. To cope with the world changes, the accounting profession and
the world of education need to be re-actualized.
4. Corporations conducting business in a world of commerce that is
global, technological, instantaneous, and increasingly virtual.
 Unit 1
Subject and Predicate Exercises
5. In the future, are predicted to be required to work not only in
conventionally traditional roles but also as systems analysts or as
evaluators (quality assurance) of accounting information
systems.
6. Accountants must have the capacity to assume the role of
consultant or create computer-based accounting systems based
on a user requirement definition and internal controls structure.
7. In financial auditing of computer based accounting systems, who
does not have a thorough understanding of accounting and
computerization will experience many difficulties.
 Unit 1
Subject and Predicate Exercises
8. Accounting helps you to record transactions to a computer
database instead of doing it manually recorded into books.
9. It very vital that the Accounting software package is from a
Reputable company.
10. Master the techniques to analyze, design and apply information
systems, especially accounting information systems, in public
and business sectors including manufacturing, commerce,
finance, insurance, the stock exchange, and the service industry.
 Unit 1
Answers for Subject and Predicate Exercises
1. The development of information technology impacts significantly
on accounting practice.
2. Computer-based information systems are extremely important.
3. To cope with the world changes, the accounting profession and
the world of education need to be re-actualized.
4. Corporations are conducting business in a world of commerce
that is global, technological, instantaneous, and increasingly
virtual.
 Unit 1
Answers for Subject and Predicate Exercises
5. In the future, accountants are predicted to be required to work
not only in conventionally traditional roles but also as systems
analysts or as evaluators (quality assurance) of accounting
information systems.
6. Accountants must have the capacity to assume the role of
consultant or create computer-based accounting systems based
on a user requirement definition and internal controls structure.
7. In financial auditing of computer based accounting systems, the
auditor who does not have a thorough understanding of
accounting and computerization will experience many
difficulties.
 Unit 1
Answers for Subject and Predicate Exercises
8. Accounting helps you to record transactions to a computer
database instead of doing it manually recorded into books.
9. It is very vital that the Accounting software package is from a
Reputable company.
10. You master the techniques to analyze, design and apply
information systems, especially accounting information systems,
in public and business sectors including manufacturing,
commerce, finance, insurance, the stock exchange, and the
service industry.
 Unit 1
Writing Activity
From the ten new vocabularies in the vocabulary
exploration section, produce ten good sentences!

Core Chaos
Properly Spoil
Oriented Extent
Objective Due care
Adhere Ensure
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Conclusion

Subject and Predicate

A sentence in English should at least has a subject and a

predicate (a verb).
The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about,
while the predicate (verb) tells something about the
subject.
• The dictionary helps me find words.
• Ice cream appeared on the table.
• The man who is sitting over there told me that he just bought a ticket to
Tahiti.
• Nothing else is good enough.
• That nothing else is good enough shouldn't come as a surprise.
• To eat six different kinds of vegetables a day is healthy.
• He sold ten units of sand to us.