OPENING

PRAYER
FS 101 - ADVANCED FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
4.2 Concepts of Social Stratification & Their Relevance to
Education

SOCIAL CLASS, SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION &
SOCIAL MOBILITY
Presenter:
I. Definition

II. Social Class Theories

III. Their Relevance to Education

 SOCIAL CLASS

- the term "class" is etymologically derived from the

Latin word “classis”, which was used by census takers
to categorize citizens by wealth in order to determine
military service obligations
 SOCIAL CLASS

- the term "social class" is usually

synonymous with "socio-economic
class", defined as "people having the
same social, economic, cultural,
political or educational status"
 SOCIAL CLASS

- is a set of concepts in the social sciences and political

theory centered on models of social stratification which
occurs in class society, in which people are grouped
into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most
common being the upper, middle and lower classes.
Three-level economic class model

1. UPPER CLASS - very wealthy and powerful that owns and controls
the means of production - 10%

2. MIDDLE CLASS - professional workers, small business owners and

low-level managers - 20%

3. LOWER CLASS - rely on low-paying jobs for their livelihood and

experience poverty - 70%
https://www.untvweb.com/news/alamin-kabilang-ka-ba-sa-tinatawag-na-middle-class/
 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

- is a term used in the social sciences

to describe the relative social position
of persons in a given social group,
category, geographical region or other
social unit

- derives from the Latin strātum

which means levels strāta horizontal
layers

- results from structural inequalities

among social groups that evolve along
with social institutions over time.
 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES:

• It is a characteristic of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences.
1 Results from social structure and affects everyone.

• It persists over generations. It is passed on via family ties, where the

2 infant inherits the social location of their parents.

• It is universal but variable.

3
• It involves not just inequality but the belief systems that legitimize
4 this inequality.
 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
- refers to division or categorize of the
people of society into different stratas or
layers , based on class, caste, power
and status

- The concept of social stratification

is often used and interpreted differently
within specific theories.

- In sociology, for example, proponents of

action theory have suggested that social
stratification is commonly found in
developed societies, wherein a dominance hierarchy may be necessary in order
to maintain social order and provide a stable social structure.

- Because of this, conflict theories had raised.

 Marxist Theory

Classes are divided into:

a. The one who producing the capital

(worker class)
b. The one who control the production
Karl Marx (middle class)
Stratification is the result of the struggle among people for scarce rewards and it persists in society.

Class conflict over material privilege and power.

Viewed the: nation or state as an instrument of oppression; religion as a method of diverting and
controlling the masses; the family as a devise of keeping wealth and education in the hands of the few

People’s lives are centered on how they deal with the material world. The key issue is
how wealth is distributed among the people.

Four ways in which wealth can be distributed

◦ To each according to need. ,To each according to want, ◦ To each according to what is earned and ◦ To
each according to what can be taken-
 Weberian Theory

Three-component theory of stratification:

1. Class - based on economically determined

relationship to the market (owner, renter,
employee, etc.)
2. Status - based on non-economic qualities like
Max Webber
honour, prestige and religion
3. Power - affiliations in the political domain
People are motivated by self interest.

Group conflict is a basic ingredient of society.

Those who do not have property can defend their interests less well than those who
have property.

Economic institutions are of fundamental importance in shaping the rest of society.

Those in power promote ideas and values that help them maintain their dominance

Only when exploitation becomes extremely obvious will the powerless their
dominance.
 SOCIAL MOBILIZATION
- refers to movement up or down the
stratification, and this movement is a
caused by two forces.
Exchange Mobility
is due to the individual’s own behaviors
Ex. When someone works very hard on the
job and their boss notices it and rewards
them with a promotion.
Structural mobility
is mobility due to social forces beyond the
individual’s immediate control.
Ex. A factory started up in a small town, then
plenty of new jobs would open up and it
would offer lots of structural opportunities
for people. Similarly if the factory closed
shop, then it would lead to mass layoffs,
regardless of how well the workers perform
on the job as individuals.
 RELEVANCE TO EDUCATION

- In order for people to effectively participate

in the development, implementation and
evaluation of social and economic policies and
programs, they must be aware of and informed about
the issues affecting them and choices available to
them, that becomes possible through education.

- As with civil and political rights, education

and organizing for ESC (Economic, social and cultural)
rights go hand-in-hand. Stimulating others into
action on human rights concerns necessarily involves
education.
 RELEVANCE TO EDUCATION

- Social stratification within the school commonly known

as streaming, refers to the division of school children
into age groups according to ability and intelligence.
The brightest children are made to form one class while
those that follow in ability form another class. The
children are divided into groups, purely according
to the merit of the individual.

- In modern societies, roles have become more

diverse and complex. Skills are learned through
formal education systems and education has a
lot to do with employment, the occupations
one follows is mostly related to the skills and
knowledge which one has acquired.
Republic Act 10533
(The K to 12 Law)
Philippine Education For All
(EFA) 2015 is a vision and a
holistic program of reforms that
aims at improving the quality of
basic education for every
Filipino by 2015

DepEd Order No. 40 S. 2012

 Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority
Magnacarta for Disabled Persons (Republic
Act DO 72, s. 2009) Learning Continuity Plan
(DepEd Order No.12 s. 2020)

Alternative Learning System The Universal Access to Quality

(DepEd Memo No. 101 s. 2001) Tertiary Education Act, or
Republic Act 10931
https://www.coursehero.com/sg/introduction-to-sociology/social-class-and-social-stratification/#:~:text=Description,%2C
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