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Lecture # 1
Chapter 1 1
Course Objectives
Chapter 1 2
Importance of Digital Logic
Chapter 1 3
Applications of Logic design
Chapter 1 4
Classification of Signals
• They are classify into two categories:
Analog Signal:
• They have infinite number of different magnitudes or values.
• They varies continuously with time.
Digital Signal:
• A signal is known as digitized if it has finite number of
magnitudes.
Chapter 1 5
Analog Signals
Chapter 1 6
Digital Signals
Chapter 1 7
Drawback of Analog System
1. Less accurate
2. Less reliable
3. Memory/Storage is an issue
4. Performance changes as temperature varies
5. Distortion and noise
Chapter 1 8
Advantages of Digital System
Chapter 1 9
Logic Gates
• Digital Logic Gates are the basic unit to build any digital
circuit.
• It operates on a number of binary inputs to perform a logical
function.
• There are different types of gates available ,e.g
AND,OR,NOT,NAND,EX-OR,NOR
Chapter 1 10
Binary Logic
Chapter 1 11
Introduction to Number System
Chapter 1 12
Number System - Bases
Binary 2 0,1
Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Hexadecimal 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
Chapter 1 13
Number Systems – Decimal & Binary
General Decimal Binary
Radix (Base) r 10 2
Digits 0 => r - 1 0 => 9 0 => 1
0 r0 1 1
1 r1 10 2
2 r2 100 4
3 r3 1000 8
Powers of 4 r4 10,000 16
r5 100,000 32
Radix 5 r -1 0.1 0.5
-1 r -2 0.01 0.25
-2 r -3 0.001 0.125
-3 r -4 0.0001 0.0625
-4 r -5 0.00001 0.03125
-5
Chapter 1 14
Table of Power 2
n 2n n 2n n 2n
0 1 7 128 14 16,384
1 2 8 256 15 32,768
2 4 9 512 16 65,536
3 8 10 1024 17 131,072
4 16 11 2,048 18 262,144
5 32 12 4,096 19 524,288
6 64 13 8,192 20 1,048,576
Chapter 1 15
NUMBER SYSTEMS – Representation
Decimal Number System :
• a base or radix 10
• a coefficient are multiplied by power 10
n 2n
0 1
1 2
2 4
3 8
Chapter 1 17
Octal No
Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Chapter 1 18
Hexadecimal 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
Hexa Decimal
No
Chapter 1 19
Conversion of Decimal into Binary
Chapter 1 20
Conversion of Octal into Binary
Chapter 1 21
Chapter 1 22
Conversion of Hexa into Binary
Chapter 1 23
Chapter 1 24
Questions
• Convert the following into binary number systems:
(42)10 =(101010)2
(13)8 = (001011)2
(140)8 = (001100000)2
(7526)8 = (111101010110)2
(10A4)16 = (0001000010100100)2
Chapter 1 26
Binary/ Octal/ Hexa to Decimal
Chapter 1 27
Conversions:
Chapter 1 28
Example
Chapter 1 29
Question
(110101.11)2
Hint
= 32 +16+4+1+0.5+0.25
=(53.75)10
Chapter 1 30
Octal (Hexadecimal) to Binary Number
Systems:
• Octal – 3 digits
• Hexadecimal – 4digits
Chapter 1 31
Binary Number System into Octal Number
System
Chapter 1 32
Binary numbers to Hexadecimal number
systems
Chapter 1 33
Hexa Decimal to Octal Conversion
Chapter 1 34
Octal to Hexa Decimal Conversion
Chapter 1 35