Presentation

Presentation Topic
Instructor
Engr. Zubair Mehmood

Presented by
M.Ayyan Mir 18103322-002
Murtaza Tariq 18103322-003

Department of Electrical Engineering

 Table of Contents
■ Introduction
■ Passive Filters
■ Advantages & Disadvantages
■ Active Filters
■ Advantages & Disadvantages
■ Active vs Passive Filters
■ Classification of Filters by Shape of response curve
■ Low Pass Filters
■ High Pass Filters
■ Band Pass Filters
■ Band Reject Filters
■ References
Semester Presentation (Group No xx) Power and Industrial Electronics EET-374 2
 Introduction:
The filter is a circuit which changes amplitude and phase of input signal
and produces output. It filters or eliminates some frequencies and
passes some frequencies.
There are two types of filter:
Active filters
Passive filters

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 Passive Filters
Passive Filter:
This filter type uses passive
components such as resistors (R), coils
or inductors (L) and capacitors (C) in
the construction of filter.
It does not need any external source
of energy. Therefore there is no voltage
gain in these filters. The output voltage
is always less than its input voltage.
It can easily filter a high-frequency
signal but it cannot process any low
frequencies.

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 Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
It is reliable. Large in size.
They can handle large voltage currents The circuit becomes bulky if inductors
and power. are used.
There is no limitation on the There is always some loss of signal it
frequency range. can be in the passband.
Cheaper as compared to active filter. Tuning for fixed frequency.
Require no power supply. Response problems.

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 Active Filters
Active Filters:
This filter type uses active
components such as OP-AMP (i.e.
operational amplifier) in addition to
Resistors (R) and Capacitors (C) in the
construction of the filter.
The downside is that it needs an
external source of power, but it
provides a high voltage gain. This gain
is used for amplifying any weak input
signals. 
The active filter can filter very low-
frequency signals but it cannot
process very high-frequency signal.

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 Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
These filters are more responsible This filter is limited in their frequency
than passive filters. range.
Used for voltage regulation. It requires DC power supply for their
operation.
It provides reliable operation. It can not handle a large amount of
power.
Used for reactive power It is expensive.
compensation.
It also allows for isolation control of The active filter is only suitable for low
input and output impedance. or moderate frequencies.

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 Active vs Passive Filters
Basis for Comparison Active Filter Passive Filter
Compose of Active components like Passive components like
op-amp, transistor etc. resistor, inductor and
capacitor etc.
Cost High Comparatively low.
Circuit complexity More complex Less complex than active
filter.
Weight Low Comparatively bulkier
due to presence of
inductors.
Sensitivity More sensitive Comparatively less
sensitive.
External power supply Required Not required

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 Classification of Filters by
Shape of response curve
There are four classifications of filters by shape of response curve
1. Low Pass Filters
2. High Pass Filters
3. Band Pass Filters
4. Band Reject (Notch) Filters

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 Low Pass Filters
A low-pass filter is a filter that allows
signals with low frequencies to pass from
input to output while rejecting higher
frequencies.
A Low Pass Filter can be a combination of
capacitance, inductance or resistance
intended to produce high attenuation
above a specified frequency and little or
no attenuation below that frequency.

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 High Pass Filters
A high-pass filter is a filter that passes
high frequencies well, but attenuates (or
reduces) frequencies lower than the
cutoff frequency.
The actual amount of attenuation for
each frequency varies from filter to filter.
A high-pass filter is the opposite of a
low-pass filter.
 It is useful as a filter to block any
unwanted low frequency components of
a complex signal while passing the
higher frequencies.

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 Band Pass Filters
 A Band pass filter is an electronic
device or circuit that allows signal
between two specific frequencies to
pass but that discriminates the signals
at other frequencies.
 Band pass filter is the filter which
have properties of both low pass
Filter and high pas filter.
The cut-off frequency of the low
pass filter must be higher than the
cut-off frequency for the high pass
filter.

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 Band Reject Filters
The band elimination filter is also
called band rejection filter or band
stop filter.
Its characteristics is exactly
opposite to that of band pass filter.
 There are two pass bands while
one stop band.
 The two ranges are 0<f<Fl &
Fh<f<infinity.

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 Reference
https://
circuitglobe.com/difference-between-active-and-passive-filter.html
https://
www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/Active-Filter-vs-Passive-Filter.ht
ml
https://
www.ecstuff4u.com/2019/05/advantages-disadvantages-passive-filters.
html
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2019/06/types-of-filters.html

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 Thank you
Q&A

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