CORROSION

Six group :
Hanif Ardianto
Yelsi Sasmita Fara
Gita Afifah Putri (121180170)
What is corrosion?

Corrosion is the damage or degradation of metals

due to oxidation-reduction reactions between a metal
and various substances in its environment which
produce unwanted compounds.

In everyday language, corrosion is called rusting.

The most common example of corrosion is iron
corrosion.
 The Process of Forming Corrosion

Metals undergo oxidation, while oxygen/air is reduced. Metal

rust is generally in the form of oxides or carbonates. The
chemical formula for iron rust is Fe2O3.nH2O, a solid
substance that is brown-red in color. Corrosion events are
electrochemical processes, namely processes changes or
chemical reactions that involve the presence of electricity.
Certain parts of the iron act as negative poles (negative
electrode, anode), while other parts act as positive poles
(positive electrode, cathode). Electrons flow from the anode to
the cathode, resulting in a corrosion.
The reaction equation that takes place is as follows :

Iron (II) ions formed at the anode are then oxidized to iron (III) ions which then
form a hydrated oxide compound (iron rust), Fe2O3.xH2O. Corrosion involves
the presence of oxygen gas and water.

Corrosion to iron is actually accelerated by several factors, such as the level of

acidity, contact with electrolytes, contact with impurities, contact with other
metals that are less active (nickel, tin, copper), and the state of the ferrous metal
itself like density or roughness of the surface.
 About Corrosion

• Corrosion is an attack that damages metals because

metals react chemically or electrochemically with the
environment.

• Corrosion is also the reverse of the process of

extracting metals from mineral ores. For example,
ferrous metal mineral ore in the wild is in the form of
iron oxide or iron sulfide compounds, after extracting
and processing, it will produce iron which is used for
making steel or alloy steel. During use, the steel will
react with the environment that causes corrosion (back
into iron oxide compounds).
 About Corrosion

• The Volta series and Nernst's law will help determine the probability of
corrosion occurring.
• The rate of corrosion is highly dependent on many factors, such as the
presence or absence of an oxide layer, because the oxide layer can block
the potential difference to the other electrodes which would be very
different if they were still clean of oxides.
Factors of Corrosion
 Water & Humidity
Water and humidity play an important role in the process of corrosion.
The higher the moisture content around the metal, the easier the metal
will experience corrosion. If the metal is in an area that has a low water
content, such as in a desert, the corrosion process will be slower.

 Electrolyte
Electrolyte is the place or
This makes it easier for
example, rainwater which
medium for accelerating
environment experiences
compounds.
medium where the charge transfer takes place.
oxygen in the air to bind to electrons. For
is acidic and sea water which is salty can be a
corrosion. Therefore, the iron in the factory
faster corrosion due to exposure to acid
 Uneven Metal Surface
The uneven metal surface facilitates the occurrence of charge poles, which in turn will
act as anode and cathode. The slippery and clean metal surface will cause corrosion
difficult to occur, because it is difficult for the poles to act as anode and cathode.

 Presence of impurities
The impurities on the metal surface can cause additional reduction reactions so that
more metal atoms are oxidized. For example, the presence of a pile of carbon dust
from the combustion of fuel on a metal surface can accelerate the reduction reaction of
oxygen gas on the metal surface. Thus the corrosion event is accelerated.
 Corrosion Prevention
 Prevent contact with oxygen and water
 Use of metal alloys
Metal alloys that are rust resistant by:
- Formation of a protective layer, for example iron mixed
with Ni and Cr metals to become stainless steel (72% Fe,
19% Cr, 9% Ni).
- Increase the electrode voltage.
 Wear a protective layer
The use of a protective layer by Painting, Coating of organic
compounds (lubricants), Plating with glass, Plating with metal,
Coated with a higher-grade metal, Coated with metals which
are more easily oxidized, Embedding more active metal rods
near ferrous metal and connected, Mixing with other metals
and Cathode protection (sacrificial anode).
Types of Corrosion
1. Homogeneous Corrosion
Homogeneous corrosion occurs due to a homogeneous electrochemical reaction that occurs
rust to all exposed parts of the material. The nature of this corrosion is evenly and the
material is thinning.

2. Galvanized Corrosion
If there is contact or electrically the two metals with different potentials will cause an
electric current between the two metals. Metals that have a low potential resistance will be
eroded and those that have a high potential will decrease their potential. Galvanic
corrosion is influenced by environment, distance, area, and area.

3. Crevice Corrosion
This corrosion property is invisible from the outside but damages the construction. This
corrosion often occurs in joints that are not impermeable, such as holes, gaskets, lap joints,
dirt, and deposits.
 Thank you

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