INFORMATION

PROCESSING

Presenter : Carl Vincent DC Libatique

INFORMATION
INFORMATION PROCESSING
PROCESSING

Information processing is a cognitive theoretical

framework that focuses on how knowledge enters and is
stored and retrieved from our memory. It was one of the
most significant cognitive theories in the last century and
it has strong implications on the teaching-learning
process.
 Information Processing Theory

Cognitive psychologists believed that cognitive processes influenced the nature

of what is learned. They considered learning as largely an internal process, not an external
behavior change (as behaviorist theorists thought). They looked into how we receive,
perceive, store and retrieve information. They believed that how a person thinks about and
interprets what s/he receives shapes what he/she will learn. All these notions comprise what
is called the information processing theory.

IPT describes how the learner receives information (stimuli) from the
environment through the senses and what takes place in between determines whether the
information will continue to pass through the sensory register, then the short term memory
and the long term memory. Certain factors would also determine whether the information
will be retrieved or "remembered" when the learner needs it. Let us go into the details.
We first consider the types of knowledge that the learner may receive.
 General vs. Specific: This involves whether the knowledge
useful in many tasks, or only in one.

Declarative — This refers to factual knowledge.

TYPES
Of Procedural — This includes knowledge on how to do

Know- things.

ledge Conditional — This is about "knowing when and

why" to apply declarative or procedural
strategies.
 The stages of IPT involves the functioning of the senses, sensory
STAGES register short term memory and the long term memory. Basically, IPT
asserts three primary stages in the progression of external information
becoming incorporated into the internal cognitive structure of choice
(schema, concept, script, frame, mental model, etc.).
These three primary stages in IPT are:

Encoding — Information is sensed, perceived, and attended to.

Storage — The information is stored for either a brief or extended period of
time, depending upon the processes following encoding.
Retrieval — The information is brought back at the appropriate time, and
reactivated for use on a current task, the true measure of effective memory.
 The first step in the IP model, holds all sensory
information for a very brief time.

• Capacity: Our mind receives a great amount of

information but it. is more than what our
minds can hold or perceive.
• Duration: The sensory register only holds the
information for an extremely brief— in the
Sensory Register order of 1 to 3 seconds.

There is a difference in: duration: based, on

modality:. auditory memory is a more persistent
than visual.